Disclosed herein are systems and methods for monitoring calibration of positron emission tomography (PET) systems. In some variations, the systems include an imaging assembly having a gantry comprising a plurality of positron emission detectors. A housing may be coupled to the gantry, and the housing may include a bore and a radiation source holder spaced away from a patient scan region within the bore. A processor may be configured to receive positron emission data from the positron emission detectors and to distinguish the positron emission data from the radiation source holder and from the patient scan region. A fault signal may be generated when the positron emission data from the radiation source holder exceeds one or more threshold parameters or criteria.

A remote diagnostic control of physical components of a particle accelerator system includes presenting, by at least one processor at a first physical location, a fault control interface including at least one control affordance corresponding to a physical component associated with a particle emitting system and a particle delivery system each located at a second physical location remote from the first physical location, and at least one arrangement presentation corresponding to the physical component and at least one physical device including the physical component, the arrangement presentation including a first operating state indicator associated with the physical component and a second operating state indicator associated with the physical device, and in response to activating the control affordance, generating a device command for transmission to the physical component to modify an operating state of the physical component at one or more of the particle emitting system and the particle delivery system, modifying the control affordance, the first operating state indicator, and the second operating state indicator, and presenting the modified control affordance, the modified first operating state indicator, and the modified second operating state indicator at the fault control interface.

Some embodiments are directed to an image director of a patient monitoring system to obtain calibration images of a calibration sheet or other calibration object at various orientations and locations. The images are then stored and processed to calculate camera parameters defining the location and orientation of the image detector and identifying internal characteristics of the image detector, and the information are stored. The patient monitoring system can be re-calibrated by using the image detector to obtain an additional image of a calibration sheet or calibration object. The additional image and the stored camera parameters are then used to detect any apparent change in the internal characteristics of the image detector (10)(S6-4).

Systems and methods for quality control in image-guided radiotherapy are provided. In some aspects, a method includes acquiring treatment images from a patient using an imaging system, and performing a registration using the treatment images and simulation images acquired during a simulation process. The method also includes computing at least one similarity metric based on the registration performed, and determining a conformance of the at least one similarity metric to predetermined limits. The method further includes generating a report indicative of the conformance.

A system for adjusting radiation target sites dynamically according to the moving states of a target object and for creating a lookup table of the moving states includes a detection chip, a radiation generation device, and a lookup table. The detection chip can be fixed on the target object to detect the current moving state of the target object. The detection chip or the radiation generation device, both configured for wireless signal transmission to each other, can activate or deactivate the radiation emitters of the radiation generation device individually according to the current moving state of the target object and the contents of the lookup table. As the system uses wireless transmission, and the lookup table has recorded the working state of each radiation emitter in each moving state of the target object, radiotherapy can be performed without a large number of tubes or sensors.

Provided is a simulation phantom including a simulated target volume and a simulated normal tissue encasing the simulated target volume, wherein the simulated target volume and a portion of the simulated normal tissue abutting the simulated target volume have a first characteristic to enable the simulation phantom to be imaged on a first imaging device, and the simulated target volume and the portion of the simulated normal tissue abutting the simulated target volume further have a second characteristic to enable the simulation phantom to be imaged on a second imaging device different from the first imaging device.

An improved x-ray cone-beam CT image reconstruction by end-to-end training of a multi-layered neural network is proposed, which employs cone-beam CT images of many patients as input training data, and precalculated scattering projection images of the same patients as output training data. After the training is completed, scattering projection images for a new patient are estimated by inputting a cone-beam CT image of the new patient into the trained multi-layered neural network. Subsequently, scatter-free projection images for the new patient are obtained by subtracting the estimated scattering projection images from measured projection images, beam angle by beam angle. A scatter-free cone-beam CT image is reconstructed from the scatter-free projection images.

Radiation beam alignment for a LINAC including (1) for each beam alignment parameter value of a set: (a) with a beam alignment parameter of a LINAC set to the beam alignment parameter value, using a gantry to generate a radiation beam; (b) using an imaging device to acquire a radiation transmission image indicative of a radiation field of the radiation beam after passing by a radiation opaque marker; (c) determining a location of a beam axis of the radiation beam and a center of a shadow of the marker based on the radiation transmission image; and (d) determining a target-to-beam-axis distance between the location of the beam axis and the center of the shadow of the radiation opaque marker; and (2) determining an optimum beam alignment parameter value based on the beam alignment parameter values and the target-to-beam-axis distances determined with the LINAC set to the beam alignment parameter values.

A method for validating the axis linearity of a displacement mechanism for a radiation detector configured to detect high-energy radiation emitted by an irradiation device comprises providing a container configured to receive a liquid. A tactile sensor and a standard element are positioned within the container configured for receiving the liquid. A displacement mechanism is structured to displace at least one of: (1) the tactile sensor; and (2) the standard element along at least one spatial axis. The tactile sensor is used to tactilely detect the standard element.

Some embodiments are directed to an image director of a patient monitoring system to obtain calibration images of a calibration sheet or other calibration object at various orientations and locations. The images are then stored and processed to calculate camera parameters defining the location and orientation of the image detector and identifying internal characteristics of the image detector, and the information are stored. The patient monitoring system can be re-calibrated by using the image detector to obtain an additional image of a calibration sheet or calibration object. The additional image and the stored camera parameters are then used to detect any apparent change in the internal characteristics of the image detector (10)(S6-4).