A radiation delivery system that includes a gantry to extend along one or more axes. The gantry is to provide a continuous rotation. The radiation delivery system includes a linear accelerator (LINAC) coupled to the gantry. The LINAC is to generate a treatment beam. The radiation delivery system includes a rotary joint coupled to the gantry. The rotary joint provides a physical connection from the LINAC to an external system that is positioned off the gantry. The physical connection is to transport at least one of a cooling liquid or air.

A radiotherapy device can include a radiation source configured to deliver kilovolt (KV) or megavolt (MV) radiation and a detector configured to detect the delivered radiation and generate a plurality of images of a subject located between the radiation source and the detector. The radiotherapy device can further include a controller configured to detect an erroneous pixel in an image of the plurality of images and generate an averaged image. Each pixel of the averaged image can be generated by taking an average of two or more respective pixels in two or more corresponding locations of one or more of the plurality of images, and generating a pixel of the averaged image in a corresponding location to the erroneous pixel comprises excluding the erroneous pixel from the taking of the average.

An irradiation method and system for irradiating a target volume, the method comprising: providing thermal neutron absorbing nuclides (such as in the form of a high neutron cross-section agent) at the target volume; and producing neutrons by irradiating nuclei in or adjacent to the target volume with a beam of particles consisting of any one or more of protons, deuterons, tritons and heavy ions, thereby prompting production of the neutrons through non-elastic collisions between the atoms in the path of the beam (including the target) and the particles. The neutron absorbing nuclides absorb neutrons produced in the non-elastic collisions, thereby producing capture products or fragments that irradiate the target volume.

Provided herein are system for generating radiation therapy treatment plan alternatives for radiation therapy. Systems can include one or more processors to determine a first treatment plan that satisfies an initial utility value, receive data associated with a request to determine a second treatment plan from among the plurality of treatment plans, the request specifying a desired first metric value that is different from the first metric value of the first treatment plan; and determine the second treatment plan from among the plurality of treatment plans, where the first metric value of the second treatment plan satisfies a first metric threshold when compared to first metric values of other treatment plans of the plurality of treatment plans. The one or more processors can provide data associated with the second treatment plan to cause a device to operate in accordance with the second treatment plan.

A method of monitoring motion of an anatomical feature within a subject's body comprises the steps of providing a time series of subject images of a region of the subject's body comprising the anatomical feature, providing a plurality of reference images of the region of the subject's body, determining a displacement of the anatomical feature in each subject image using the plurality of reference mages, and monitoring motion of the anatomical feature based on the displacement of the anatomical feature over the time series of subject images. The plurality of reference images comprise a range of projection angles around an imaging axis and perpendicular to the imaging axis through the region of the subject's body. A computer program product for monitoring motion of an anatomical feature within a subject's body is also provided. A method of delivering therapy to a subject and a therapy delivery system is also provided.

Provided is a treatment planning system. The treatment planning system is configured to acquire a mode selection instruction, a first image of a subject to be treated and contour data of target tissue; select a mode corresponding to the subject to be treated from a plurality of treatment planning modes based on the mode selection instruction; and produce a treatment plan based on the mode corresponding to the subject to be treated, the first image and the contour data, wherein the plurality of treatment planning modes are configured to produce treatment plans for a plurality of treatment heads that generate different types of ray beams.

An example quality assurance (QA) system for a radiosurgery system is described herein. The system includes an appliance comprising: a housing, an indicator; and an actuator configured to move the indicator; a controller in operable communication with the appliance, where the controller comprises a processor and a memory, the memory having computer-executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: transmit one or more control signals to the appliance in accordance with a QA test protocol, where the QA test protocol comprises moving the actuator from a first position to a second position, the first and second positions being separated by at least a first predetermined distance.

A proton cyclotron is provided for dedicated use in head, neck and eye cancers, tumors or other medical conditions including pediatric and other cancers or medical conditions. The method of using a proton cyclotron for treating a tumor, cancer or medical condition of a patient includes positioning the patient on a support platform, such as on a patient table or in a robotic chair, and irradiating the tumor, cancer or other medical condition using a proton particle beam from the cyclotron for a predetermined time sufficient to treat the tumor, cancer or medical condition, wherein the proton particle beam produced by the cyclotron has an energy in a range of 70 MeV to 150 MeV and has a beam current in an amount suitable for radiation therapy, as can include a variable range of beam current for the radiation therapy.

Methods and system for facilitating rapid radiation treatments are provided herein and relate in particular to radiation generation and delivery, beam control, treatment planning, imaging and dose verification. The methods and systems described herein are particularly advantageous when used with a compact high-gradient, very high energy electron (VHEE) accelerator and delivery system (and related processes) capable of treating patients from multiple beam directions with great speed, using all-electromagnetic or radiofrequency deflection steering is provided, that can deliver an entire dose or fraction of high-dose radiation therapy sufficiently fast to freeze physiologic motion, yet with a better degree of dose conformity or sculpting than conventional photon therapy.

A superficial electron cone has a body including a cavity wherein the cavity is closed by a plug at a first end and open at a second end. A superficial cone kit includes a plurality of superficial electron cones of various sizes. The different superficial electron cones are adapted for treating superficial lesions of various sizes.