The invention presents a solution in which blockchain Transactions are created to implement the functionality of a logic gate. The invention may be implemented on the Bitcoin platform or an alternative blockchain platform. The transaction includes a locking script which comprises instructions selected so as to implement the functionality of a logic gate, such as the XOR gate. When the script is executed (because a second transaction is attempting to spend the output associated with the locking script) the inputs will be processed by the conditional instructions to provide an output of TRUE or FALSE. The inputs are pre-processed by one or more computing agents so that they are evaluated to TRUE or FASLE prior to being used as inputs to the script. The second transaction is transmitted to the blockchain network for validation and, if determined to be valid, it will be written to the blockchain. Validation of the second transaction can be interpreted as a TRUE output. Thus, the locking script of the first transaction provides the functionality of the desired logic gate. The invention provides numerous advantages and can be used in a wide variety of applications, such as for the implementation of control systems and unit.

Computer-implemented methods for locking a blockchain transaction based on undetermined data are described. The invention is implemented using a blockchain network. This may, for example, be the Bitcoin blockchain. A locking node may include a locking script in a blockchain transaction Node to lock a digital asset. The locking script includes a public key for a determined data source and instructions to cause a validating node executing the locking script to verify the source of data provided in an unlocking script by: a) generating a modified public key based on the public key for the determined data source and based on data defined in the unlocking script; and b) evaluating a cryptographic signature in the unlocking script based on the modified public key. The blockchain transaction containing the locking script is sent by the locking node to the blockchain network. The lock may be removed using a cryptographic signature generated from a private key modified based on the data.

A method of exchanging a combined cryptographic key between a first node and a second node, the first node and the second node being connected through a first communication and a second communication network, wherein the first communication network is a quantum communication network wherein information is encoded on weak light pulses; and the first node and the second node being configured to: exchange one or more first cryptographic keys on the first communication network; exchange one or more second cryptographic keys using the second communication network; and form the combined cryptographic key by combining the one or more first cryptographic keys and the one or more second cryptographic keys, such that the first node and the second node share knowledge of the combined cryptographic key.

Methods and systems described herein authenticate a user and help secure transaction. A display screen presents images that are difficult for malware to recognize but a person can recognize. In at least one embodiment, a person communicates transaction information using visual images received from the service provider system. In at least one embodiment, a user selects a sequence of visual images as a means of authenticating the user and logging into a financial account or other corporate account. In some embodiments, methods and systems are provided for determining whether to grant access, by generating and displaying visual images on a screen that the user can recognize, and select. In an embodiment, a user presses his or her finger or fingers on a display screen to select images as a method for authenticating and protecting communication from malware. In an embodiment, non-determinism in hardware helps unpredictably vary the image selected, the image location, generate noise in the image, or change the shape or texture of the image. In some embodiments, visual image authentication helps Alice and Bob detect if Eve has launched a man-in-the-middle attack on their key exchange.

Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture are disclosed. An example apparatus includes: interface circuitry to receive a first value and a second value; selector circuitry to select a first subset of bits and a second subset of bits from the first value; multiplier circuitry to: multiply the first subset to the second value during a first compute cycle; and multiply the second subset to the second value during a second compute cycle; left shift circuitry to perform a bitwise shift with a product of the first subset and the second value during the second compute cycle; adder circuitry to add a product of the second subset and the second value to a result of the plurality of bitwise shift operations during the second compute cycle; and comparator circuitry to determine the result of the modular multiplication based on a result of the addition during the second compute cycle.

The present invention relates management of security of a computing environment. The method may include; monitoring and learning, through a master computer, a data traffic of the each of the coupled connecting node to alter a security design to speed up the communications; analysing, through the master computer, the data traffic to categorize the each of the coupled connecting node into a first category of node, which is accessed by a human and a second category of node, which is accessed by a bot; utilizing, at the master computer, one or more secured hidden servers for determining a first data communication route to speed up data traffic for the human and a second data communication route to prevent data traffic above a pre-set limit, for the bot.

A hardware accelerator for accelerating the zero knowledge succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge (zk-SNARK) protocol by reducing the computation time of the cryptographic verification is disclosed. The accelerator includes a zk-SNARK engine having one or more processing units running in parallel. The processing unit can include one or more multiply-accumulate operation (MAC) units, one or more fast Fourier transform (FFT) units; and one or more elliptic curve processor (ECP) units. The one or more ECP units are configured to reduce a bit-length of a scalar d.sub.i in an ECP algorithm used for generating a proof, thereby the cryptographic verification requires less computation power.

The present embodiments relate to establishing secure data communication using an Elliptic-curve Diffie-Hellman ephemeral (ECDHE) key agreement procedure. Devices in a network environment can utilize a key agreement procedure to establish secure communication between multiple application layers in a micro service architecture. Particularly, a tunnel can be established between a mobile device and an encryption service by transmitting key information between the mobile device and the encryption service. This can allow for encryption keys to only be accurately generated by the mobile device and encryption service. Accordingly, intermediary nodes may be unable to decrypt the data, allowing for safe and secure transport of sensitive data.

A method for verification at a computing device of a signed message received from a first party over a public communications channel, the method including extracting a message digest “a” belonging to a semigroup from the signed message; obtaining a public key [c,e] for the first party, including a fixed value checker “c” and an endpoint “e”, checker “c” and endpoint “e” belonging to the semigroup and the endpoint comprising a multiplication of a private key “b” for the first party and the checker “c”, multiplying the message digest “a” and the endpoint “e” to create an endmatter “ae”; extracting a signature “d” from the signed message, the signature “d” belonging to the semigroup and being a multiplication of message digest “a” and private key “b”; multiplying the signature “d” and the checker “c” to create a signcheck “dc”; and verifying that the endmatter “ae” matches the signcheck “dc”.

A computer processing system have includes a processing unit operably configured to perform a plurality of exponentiation operations and a cryptosystem controller operably configured to load an exponent from the at least one exponentiation operation from a memory to an algorithm controller by first applying a function, wherein the algorithm controller including at least one set of shift registers operably configured to shift a plurality of digits and operably configured to utilize at least one of the plurality of digits as an output.