A method for secure transmission of user-authenticating information is provided. The method includes steps of: a service-providing server (a) determining whether a public key of the user is registered in a blockchain network, and instructing a user-authenticating information generator to generate user-authenticating information for reference, instructing an encrypting engine to encrypt the generated user-authenticating information for reference by using the public key of the user retrieved from the blockchain network, and instructing a message-sending part to transmit the encrypted user-authenticating information for reference to a mobile device of the user; and (b) in case that user-authenticating information for comparison is acquired from the user device and if the user-authenticating information for comparison is determined as identical to the user-authenticating information for reference, providing the user device with the service desired by the user.

A method for secure transmission of user-authenticating information is provided. The method includes steps of: a service-providing server (a) determining whether a public key of the user is registered in a blockchain network, and instructing a user-authenticating information generator to generate user-authenticating information for reference, instructing an encrypting engine to encrypt the generated user-authenticating information for reference by using the public key of the user retrieved from the blockchain network, and instructing a message-sending part to transmit the encrypted user-authenticating information for reference to a mobile device of the user; and (b) in case that user-authenticating information for comparison is acquired from the user device and if the user-authenticating information for comparison is determined as identical to the user-authenticating information for reference, providing the user device with the service desired by the user.

A secure information transmitting system and method for personal identity authentication, which, on the basis of a user public key, encrypt and transmit an authentication number transmitted from a server that provides a service to a user to a mobile communication terminal of the user, thereby preventing an unauthorized user who obtained the authentication number from being recognized even if an authentication number is externally exposed through hacking.

A secure information transmitting system and method for personal identity authentication, which, on the basis of a user public key, encrypt and transmit an authentication number transmitted from a server that provides a service to a user to a mobile communication terminal of the user, thereby preventing an unauthorized user who obtained the authentication number from being recognized even if an authentication number is externally exposed through hacking.

Gateway and bridge devices for internet of things systems are described. The gateway device is configured to communicate with a server using signals encrypted according to a first encryption protocol and to communicate with bridge device using signals encrypted with a second protocol. The bridge device is configured to decrypt the signals received from the gateway device and to communicate with sensors and actuators. The bridge device is further configured to encrypt data signals from the sensors for sending to the gateway device.

A counter includes: a computing module (100) and N counting modules (101). Each counting module includes a plurality of counting spaces corresponding to different counting entries, and counting spaces of the same counting entry in different counting modules have the same address, wherein the counting module is arranged to provide a value for computing to the computing module in response to a counting application of a counting application source. The computing module is arranged to read values of the same counting entry in different counting modules and accumulate the read values to obtain a total count value of the counting entry, N being an integer not less than 1. Also disclosed is a counting method.

A counter includes: a computing module (100) and N counting modules (101). Each counting module includes a plurality of counting spaces corresponding to different counting entries, and counting spaces of the same counting entry in different counting modules have the same address, wherein the counting module is arranged to provide a value for computing to the computing module in response to a counting application of a counting application source. The computing module is arranged to read values of the same counting entry in different counting modules and accumulate the read values to obtain a total count value of the counting entry, N being an integer not less than 1. Also disclosed is a counting method.

Various example embodiments for supporting multicast communications in a communication system are presented. Various embodiments for supporting multicast communications may be configured to support multicast communications of multiple virtual private networks over a single multicast distribution tree. Various embodiments for supporting multicast communications of multiple virtual private networks over a single multicast distribution tree may support communication of a packet of a virtual private network within a network, wherein the packet includes a set of tuples associated with a set of egress devices to which the packet is to be delivered via a multicast distribution tree supported within the network, wherein, for each of the egress devices, the respective tuple associated with the respective egress device includes a respective device identifier of the egress device that uniquely identifies the respective egress device within the network and a respective label assigned by the respective egress device for the virtual private network.

Various example embodiments for supporting multicast communications in a communication system are presented. Various embodiments for supporting multicast communications may be configured to support multicast communications of multiple virtual private networks over a single multicast distribution tree. Various embodiments for supporting multicast communications of multiple virtual private networks over a single multicast distribution tree may support communication of a packet of a virtual private network within a network, wherein the packet includes a set of tuples associated with a set of egress devices to which the packet is to be delivered via a multicast distribution tree supported within the network, wherein, for each of the egress devices, the respective tuple associated with the respective egress device includes a respective device identifier of the egress device that uniquely identifies the respective egress device within the network and a respective label assigned by the respective egress device for the virtual private network.

An interactive sports apparel that includes a scannable code forming part of the apparel, and a server configured to simultaneously deliver static media content and streaming media content to content placeholders residing on a scanner that scans the code on the apparel. The static and streaming media each have content based on proximity of the scanner to the apparel, and a user profile associated with the scanner.