Methods and apparatuses for providing cryptographic authentication within a voice channel are disclosed. The methods and apparatuses can provide cryptographic authentication solely within a voice channel or can use a combination of a voice channel and another data channel. A method for providing cryptographic authentication within a voice channel can operate between telephonic systems and be suitable for operating over G.711/PCMu, AMR and SPEEX™ codecs, and suitable for operating over mobile, PSTN, and VOIP networks. The method can include providing a modem that is codec agnostic and suitable for executing a TLS-based authentication protocol. The method can include using frequency-shift modulation within a frequency range of 300-3400 Hz.

Methods and apparatuses for providing cryptographic authentication within a voice channel are disclosed. The methods and apparatuses can provide cryptographic authentication solely within a voice channel or can use a combination of a voice channel and another data channel. A method for providing cryptographic authentication within a voice channel can operate between telephonic systems and be suitable for operating over G.711/PCMu, AMR and SPEEX™ codecs, and suitable for operating over mobile, PSTN, and VOIP networks. The method can include providing a modem that is codec agnostic and suitable for executing a TLS-based authentication protocol. The method can include using frequency-shift modulation within a frequency range of 300-3400 Hz.

An optical signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the disclosure is an optical signal transmission method in which a processor performs at least part of each operation, and may include an operation of receiving a data stream, an operation of separating at least part of the data stream into three channels, modulating the separated data streams respectively according to M-ary frequency shift keying (M-FSK) scheme so as to produce an FSK modulated signal, an operation of combining a plurality of FSK modulated signals modulated respectively in the three channels, and producing a color modulated signal according to a bit-color mapping table set in advance, and an operation of transmitting the color modulated signal by controlling a light source of the same optical channel based on the color modulated signal.

An optical signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the disclosure is an optical signal transmission method in which a processor performs at least part of each operation, and may include an operation of receiving a data stream, an operation of separating at least part of the data stream into three channels, modulating the separated data streams respectively according to M-ary frequency shift keying (M-FSK) scheme so as to produce an FSK modulated signal, an operation of combining a plurality of FSK modulated signals modulated respectively in the three channels, and producing a color modulated signal according to a bit-color mapping table set in advance, and an operation of transmitting the color modulated signal by controlling a light source of the same optical channel based on the color modulated signal.

Disclosed is a signal measurement method for an energy storage and frequency modulation system. An energy management system consisting of a microgrid controller, an energy management server, a workstation, and a network device is provided. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: a high-voltage auxiliary transformer based on an energy storage system connected to a power plant is used as the auxiliary output device of a generator set to satisfy the requirements of auxiliary frequency regulation, improve the response index Kp value of a power plant set to a dispatch AGC instruction, implement the sending and receiving of a signal after the energy storage system is connected, and achieves the goal of frequency modulation operation of an auxiliary energy storage set without greatly transforming an RTU.

Disclosed is a signal measurement method for an energy storage and frequency modulation system. An energy management system consisting of a microgrid controller, an energy management server, a workstation, and a network device is provided. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: a high-voltage auxiliary transformer based on an energy storage system connected to a power plant is used as the auxiliary output device of a generator set to satisfy the requirements of auxiliary frequency regulation, improve the response index Kp value of a power plant set to a dispatch AGC instruction, implement the sending and receiving of a signal after the energy storage system is connected, and achieves the goal of frequency modulation operation of an auxiliary energy storage set without greatly transforming an RTU.

A method of generating and processing an analog transport signal for a fronthaul of a radio access network, where the analog signal carries a plurality of channels. The analog signal is generated by defining frequency bands of a fixed width within the analog transport signal. Channels are arranged within each frequency band so that, if the analog transport signal is sampled at a frequency equal to twice the fixed width, each channel of a frequency band has the same intermediate frequency as a corresponding channel of at least one other frequency band. A method of demultiplexing the analog transport signal for execution by a receiver is also proposed.

A method of generating and processing an analog transport signal for a fronthaul of a radio access network, where the analog signal carries a plurality of channels. The analog signal is generated by defining frequency bands of a fixed width within the analog transport signal. Channels are arranged within each frequency band so that, if the analog transport signal is sampled at a frequency equal to twice the fixed width, each channel of a frequency band has the same intermediate frequency as a corresponding channel of at least one other frequency band. A method of demultiplexing the analog transport signal for execution by a receiver is also proposed.

A wireless communication device includes: a plurality of transmitting antennas; a modulation unit that generates a transmission signal transmitted from each of the transmitting antennas by performing frequency-shift keying on a carrier wave on the basis of transmission data; and a mapping unit that is provided in a preceding stage of the modulation unit and allocates carrier waves different from each other to the plurality of transmitting antennas such that a plurality of transmission signals each transmitted from one of the plurality of transmitting antennas are orthogonal to each other.

A wireless communication device includes: a plurality of transmitting antennas; a modulation unit that generates a transmission signal transmitted from each of the transmitting antennas by performing frequency-shift keying on a carrier wave on the basis of transmission data; and a mapping unit that is provided in a preceding stage of the modulation unit and allocates carrier waves different from each other to the plurality of transmitting antennas such that a plurality of transmission signals each transmitted from one of the plurality of transmitting antennas are orthogonal to each other.