A transmission apparatus that (i) generates a Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation signal s1(t) by applying a QPSK modulation scheme to a first data sequence, (ii) generates a 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) modulation signal s2(t) by applying a 16-QAM modulation scheme to a second data sequence, (iii) generates a transmission signal z1(t) and a second transmission signal z2(t) by applying a phase hopping process, a precoding process, and a power adjust process to the QPSK modulation signal s1(t) and the 16-QAM modulation signal s2(t), wherein an average transmission power of the 16-QAM modulation signal s2(t) being the same as an average transmission power of the QPSK modulation signal s1(t), and (iv) transmits the transmission signal z1(t) from a first antenna at a first time and a first frequency and the second transmission signal z2(t) from a second antenna at the first time and the first frequency.

Apparatuses, methods, and computer readable media for indicating a communication and information in a signal field are disclosed. A high-efficiency wireless local area network (HEW) device comprises circuitry is disclosed. The circuitry may be configured to: generate a HEW packet comprising a legacy signal (L-SIG) field, where the L-SIG field comprises a plurality of subcarriers, and an R-L-SIG field, where the R-L-SIG field comprises a repeat of the plurality of subcarriers partitioned into a plurality of groups, and where information is encoded into one or more groups of the plurality of groups by a same modulation to each subcarrier partitioned into the corresponding group. A HEW device comprising circuitry is disclosed. The circuitry may be configured to: receive a L-SIG field; receive a R-L-SIG field; and determine whether the R-L-SIG field is a repeat of the L-SIG field with piggybacked information.

Apparatuses, methods, and computer readable media for indicating a communication and information in a signal field are disclosed. A high-efficiency wireless local area network (HEW) device comprises circuitry is disclosed. The circuitry may be configured to: generate a HEW packet comprising a legacy signal (L-SIG) field, where the L-SIG field comprises a plurality of subcarriers, and an R-L-SIG field, where the R-L-SIG field comprises a repeat of the plurality of subcarriers partitioned into a plurality of groups, and where information is encoded into one or more groups of the plurality of groups by a same modulation to each subcarrier partitioned into the corresponding group. A HEW device comprising circuitry is disclosed. The circuitry may be configured to: receive a L-SIG field; receive a R-L-SIG field; and determine whether the R-L-SIG field is a repeat of the L-SIG field with piggybacked information.

A method of transmitting demodulation reference signals (DMRS) over one, three or five resource blocks (RBs) with Interleaved Frequency Division Multiple Access (IFDMA) from a wireless device to a wireless network node in a wireless network wherein Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDMA) is deployed in uplink, is provided. At least one of: a set of base sequences including thirty quadrature phase shifting keying, QPSK, sequences of length 6, 18 or 30 is determined, a demodulation reference signal sequence is derived from the determined set of base sequences, the demodulation reference signal sequence is multiplexed, and the multiplexed demodulation reference signal sequence is transmitted, by the wireless device, to the wireless network node.

An analog fractional-N phase-locked loop includes an oscillator loop having a reference input, a feedback input, and a loop output, and a fractional feedback divider configured to divide signals on the loop output by a divisor. Output of the fractional feedback divider is fed back to the feedback input. A compensation circuit is coupled to, and configured to apply a time delay to, the reference input or the feedback input, to compensate for delay introduced by the fractional feedback divider. The compensation circuit may be a digital-to-time converter configured to convert a digital delay signal into the time delay. The digital-to-time converter may be coupled to the reference input to delay signals to match feedback delay introduced by the fractional feedback divider, or to the feedback input to subtract the time delay to cancel feedback delay introduced by the fractional feedback divider.

A transmission device includes: a weighting synthesizer that generates a first precoded signal and a second precoded signal from a first baseband signal and a second baseband signal, respectively; a phase changer that applies a phase change of i×Δλ to the second precoded signal; an inserter that inserts a pilot signal into the second precoded signal applied with the phase change; and a phase changer that applies a phase change to the second precoded signal applied with the phase change and inserted with the pilot signal. The weighting synthesizer performs, in the precoding process, a calculation that uses

[00001]$F=\left(\begin{array}{cc}{e}^{j{\theta }_{11}}& e^j\left({\theta }_{11}+\frac{\pi }{4}\right)\\ e^{j{\theta }_{21}}& e^j\left({\theta }_{21}+\pi +\frac{\pi }{4}\right)\end{array}\right)$

on the first baseband signal and the second baseband signal modulated via a modulation scheme of QPSK.

A transmitting device (20) overlays control information onto information bit stream intended for a receiving device (40) by varying or shifting the modulation index in continuous phase modulation (CPM) waveform. The receiving device (40) detects the modulation index used at the transmitting device (20) to modulate the data burst. The receiving device (40) then determines the control information based on the detected modulation index.

Provided are a reception device, a reception method and a transmission reception system capable of reducing the influence of distortion in a received signal and achieving high demodulation performance without performing a computation process having a great amount of calculations. The reception device receives a signal containing a known signal part and a data part, and includes a conversion unit that converts the signal received by a reception unit into a digital signal, a region determination unit that determines a nonuse region which is a periodic region containing distortion in the digital signal, on a basis of a first digital signal in the known signal part contained in the digital signal and a known signal held in advance, and a demodulation unit that performs demodulation on the digital signal by using a second digital signal in a region other than the nonuse region in the digital signal.

A resource-efficient modulation scheme includes both conventional and zero-amplitude states. The conventional states in 5G/6G are amplitude- or phase-modulated, or both, whereas the zero-amplitude states have zero or substantially zero amplitude. By including modulation states with zero amplitude in the modulation scheme, transmitters can transmit a message more compactly, and using less time or bandwidth, and with a substantial decrease in emitted energy. For example, in a phase-modulation scheme such as BPSK or QPSK, a zero state represents an additional modulation state with zero transmitted amplitude. In a modulation scheme with I and Q branches in quadrature, each branch is separately amplitude modulated, plus additional states with zero amplitude in one or both branches, for different effects. For example, 16QAM with nine additional zero-amplitude states totals 25 available modulation states, resulting in 36% reduction in message size and 44% reduction in transmitted energy. Low-complexity demodulation with fault detection are also disclosed.

A resource-efficient modulation scheme includes both conventional and zero-amplitude states. The conventional states in 5G/6G are amplitude- or phase-modulated, or both, whereas the zero-amplitude states have zero or substantially zero amplitude. By including modulation states with zero amplitude in the modulation scheme, transmitters can transmit a message more compactly, and using less time or bandwidth, and with a substantial decrease in emitted energy. For example, in a phase-modulation scheme such as BPSK or QPSK, a zero state represents an additional modulation state with zero transmitted amplitude. In a modulation scheme with I and Q branches in quadrature, each branch is separately amplitude modulated, plus additional states with zero amplitude in one or both branches, for different effects. For example, 16QAM with nine additional zero-amplitude states totals 25 available modulation states, resulting in 36% reduction in message size and 44% reduction in transmitted energy. Low-complexity demodulation with fault detection are also disclosed.