Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A wireless communications entity, such as a user equipment (UE), a base station, a network core, or an application server, may identify a round-trip time (RTT) latency requirement that may pertain to a round-trip latency in wireless communications between the UE and the base station. The wireless communications entity may identify a one one-way directional delay budget that satisfies the RTT latency requirement for an application of an application server. The application server may be in communication with the UE via the base station. The wireless communications entity may modify a value of the one-way directional delay budget and transmit a message that is associated with the modified value of the one one-way directional delay budget.

Systems and methods for network quality testing are provided. Synthetic traffic may be sent through a first flow path and a second flow path. The second flow path includes a portion apportionable to the first flow path, internal to a server, and a portion apportionable to an external flow path, external to the server. Durations of traffic traveling through the first flow path and the second flow path are compared to determine the portion of the second flow path apportionable to the external flow path. In an example, time stamping may be performed by component(s) of the server, such as a kernel, to determine the durations of the traffic traveling through the first flow path and the second flow path.

Systems and methods for network quality testing are provided. Synthetic traffic may be sent through a first flow path and a second flow path. The second flow path includes a portion apportionable to the first flow path, internal to a server, and a portion apportionable to an external flow path, external to the server. Durations of traffic traveling through the first flow path and the second flow path are compared to determine the portion of the second flow path apportionable to the external flow path. In an example, time stamping may be performed by component(s) of the server, such as a kernel, to determine the durations of the traffic traveling through the first flow path and the second flow path.

An electronic device is for transmitting a video stream, and is able to be embedded in an autonomous motor vehicle. The electronic device includes a convertor for converting the video stream into a video signal transmissible via a transmission channel and a transmitter configured to send, to a monitoring device outside the vehicle, via the transmission channel, a signal for escalating information including said video signal. The electronic transmission device also includes a timestamper configured to repeatedly produce a timestamping signal including at least one piece of information relative to the production date of said timestamping signal. The information escalation signal includes the timestamping signal.

A novel design of a gateway that handles traffic in and out of a network by using a datapath pipeline is provided. The datapath pipeline includes multiple stages for performing various data-plane packet-processing operations at the edge of the network. The processing stages include centralized routing stages and distributed routing stages. The processing stages can include service-providing stages such as NAT and firewall. The gateway caches the result previous packet operations and reapplies the result to subsequent packets that meet certain criteria. For packets that do not have applicable or valid result from previous packet processing operations, the gateway datapath daemon executes the pipelined packet processing stages and records a set of data from each stage of the pipeline and synthesizes those data into a cache entry for subsequent packets.

A novel design of a gateway that handles traffic in and out of a network by using a datapath pipeline is provided. The datapath pipeline includes multiple stages for performing various data-plane packet-processing operations at the edge of the network. The processing stages include centralized routing stages and distributed routing stages. The processing stages can include service-providing stages such as NAT and firewall. The gateway caches the result previous packet operations and reapplies the result to subsequent packets that meet certain criteria. For packets that do not have applicable or valid result from previous packet processing operations, the gateway datapath daemon executes the pipelined packet processing stages and records a set of data from each stage of the pipeline and synthesizes those data into a cache entry for subsequent packets.

Systems and methods of performing automated testing using a process flow of messages are provided. In one exemplary embodiment, a method includes receiving an indication that represents a time stamped message that is sent or received by a second electronic node and that is associated with a certain function. The method also includes generating a process flow of messages between the set of electronic nodes for the certain function based on the time stamped message of the second electronic node that is associated with the certain function and time stamped messages of the other electronic nodes associated with the same function so that the first electronic node is operable to simulate the certain function specific to that node based on the process flow of messages so as to test that at least one electronic node is operable to perform the certain function in conformance with the process flow of messages.

Systems and methods of performing automated testing using a process flow of messages are provided. In one exemplary embodiment, a method includes receiving an indication that represents a time stamped message that is sent or received by a second electronic node and that is associated with a certain function. The method also includes generating a process flow of messages between the set of electronic nodes for the certain function based on the time stamped message of the second electronic node that is associated with the certain function and time stamped messages of the other electronic nodes associated with the same function so that the first electronic node is operable to simulate the certain function specific to that node based on the process flow of messages so as to test that at least one electronic node is operable to perform the certain function in conformance with the process flow of messages.

A synchronization method includes obtaining a first timestamp difference of a packet on a target link. The first timestamp difference is a difference between a sending timestamp and a receiving timestamp of the packet at a first moment. The synchronization method further includes performing packet selection based on the first timestamp difference to obtain a second timestamp difference; obtaining a delay prediction value of the target link at the first moment, compensating for the second timestamp difference based on the delay prediction value to obtain a compensated timestamp difference; and performing time and/or clock synchronization based on the compensated timestamp difference. The second timestamp difference is compensated for based on the delay prediction value, that is, PDV noise introduced to the target link is compensated for. In this way, the PDV noise is reduced.

Video sharing is an important part of information exchanging between people in business and in daily personal life. Video sharing between two or more user devices through a server on the Internet usually will consume tremendous network bandwidth. With the supporting of posting and un-posting operations and the dynamic workspace technology introduced in this invention, a server here can centrally coordinate the dynamic secure video sharing between two or more devices while avoiding itself being a bottleneck for the video sharing.