Embodiments of this disclosure provides a heartbeat information sending method and apparatus, a heartbeat information processing method and apparatus, and a node. One example method includes: determining at least one heartbeat receiving node in which at least two follower data blocks corresponding to at least two leader data blocks in a heartbeat sending node are located; and when the at least one heartbeat receiving node is a single heartbeat receiving node, sending heartbeat information of the heartbeat sending node to the single heartbeat receiving node, where the heartbeat information of the heartbeat sending node is obtained after respective heartbeat information of the at least two leader data blocks are combined.

Embodiments of the invention relate to the field of the multicast network. Disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention are a method of establishing a bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) session based on bit index explicit replication (BIER), a BFIR, a BFER, a system and a storage medium. A method includes: establishing, by a bit-forwarding ingress router (BFIR), the BFD session; flooding, by the BFIR, BFD information to a bit-forwarding egress router (BFER) group based on an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP); and transmitting, by the BFIR, a BFD control packet to a BFER, to trigger the BFER to establish the BFD session corresponding to the BFIR.

Techniques are described to provide layer 2 (L2) circuit failover in the event connectivity to an Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN) instance is lost. For example, if one of multi-homed provider edge (PE) devices loses connectivity to the EVPN instance, the PE device may mark its customer-facing interface as down and propagate the interface status to the access node such that the access node may update its routing information to switch L2 circuits to another one of the multi-homed PE devices having reachability to the EVPN instance. In some examples, the plurality of PE devices may further implement Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) techniques to propagate the interface status to the access node such that the access node may update its forwarding information to send traffic on a different L2 circuit to another one of the multi-homed PE devices having reachability to the EVPN instance.

Systems and methods for establishing routing information between software containers or other virtualized environments within a network, and providing inter-container routing between the software services operating on the network, are disclosed herein. The system utilizes an existing routing protocol such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and establishes an overlay network that provides end-to-end connectivity between services of a customer operating in an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) network, while maintaining isolation from the traffic of other customers of the IaaS network. The system uses OSPF to learn aspects of the routes between containers in the network, and further builds a customer-specific overlay network based on IP-to-IP encapsulation of the OSPF messages.

In one embodiment, a method includes receiving an OSPF hello message including an attestation token from a second network apparatus, determining that the attestation token is valid for the second network apparatus at a current time, establishing an adjacency to the second network apparatus in response to the determination, computing, based at least on the attestation token, a trust level for a first link from the first network apparatus to the second network apparatus and a trust level for first prefixes associated with the first link, and sending an LSA comprising the trust level for the first link and the trust level for the first prefixes to neighboring network apparatuses, where the trust level for the first link and the trust level for the prefixes are used by the network apparatuses in the network to compute a routing table of the network.

The described technology is generally directed towards a transport protocol for latency sensitive applications. The disclosed transport protocol is “semi-reliable” in that it allows for specification of an importance of data being transmitted, thereby allowing important data to be sent reliably, while other data can be dropped if necessary, e.g., under bad network conditions. A deadline can be specified for such other data, and if the other data cannot be sent prior to the deadline, it can be dropped. Furthermore, the disclosed transport protocol can allow for early discovery of network jitter. A client device can send regular acknowledgments which identify most recently received data packets as well as a number of “heartbeat transmissions” received at the client device. A server device can use the acknowledgments to discover and respond to jitter.

A method is provided for performing dynamic inferencing at a node configured to communicate with other nodes of an IoT hierarchy. In the method, a schema for an asset object associated with one or more of at least one physical process and at least one physical device is received at the node. The schema is formatted according to an inferencing engine model format. An artificial intelligence model capable of being executed in an inferencing engine is received at the node. Data indicative of one or more of a current state of at least one physical process and a current state of at least one physical device is received at the node. The received data according to the schema and an inferencing engine are processed at the node. The inferencing engine generates a new predictive attribute based on the set of attributes, and the processing normalizes the received data according to the schema to generate normalized data, the normalized data includes the predictive attribute from the inferencing engine. A notification is then provided based on one or more rules for the physical process and physical device.

The described technology is generally directed towards a transport protocol for latency sensitive applications. The disclosed transport protocol is “semi-reliable” in that it allows for specification of an importance of data being transmitted, thereby allowing important data to be sent reliably, while other data can be dropped if necessary, e.g., under bad network conditions. A deadline can be specified for such other data, and if the other data cannot be sent prior to the deadline, it can be dropped. Furthermore, the disclosed transport protocol can allow for early discovery of network jitter. A client device can send regular acknowledgments which identify most recently received data packets as well as a number of “heartbeat transmissions” received at the client device. A server device can use the acknowledgments to discover and respond to jitter.

A forwarding entry update method and apparatus, the method including receiving a write operation packet, where the write operation packet has write operation information, where the write operation information has write operation data and a write operation address, where the write operation data indicates a forwarding entry, and where the write operation address indicates an address to which the write operation data is to be written in a memory, obtaining the write operation information from the write operation packet, and writing the write operation data into the memory according to the write operation address in the write operation information.

The present disclosure provides a heartbeat information sending method and apparatus, a heartbeat information processing method and apparatus, and a node. The method includes: determining heartbeat receiving nodes in which at least two follower data blocks corresponding to at least two leader data blocks in a heartbeat sending node are located; and when the heartbeat receiving nodes are a same node, sending heartbeat information of the heartbeat sending node to the heartbeat receiving node, where the heartbeat information of the heartbeat sending node is heartbeat information obtained after respective heartbeat information of the at least two leader data blocks are combined.