The invention relates to Spirocyclic ether derivatives of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxyamide of general formula (I) which are inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 2, useful in treating central nervous system diseases and other diseases. In addition, the invention relates to processes for preparing pharmaceutical compositions as well as processes for manufacture the compounds according to the invention.

Disclosed are compositions comprising an interferon-alpha binding protein and combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART). In some aspects, the interferon-alpha binding protein is B18R. In some aspects, the compositions further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Disclosed are methods of treating a subject with HIV associated neurogenerative disorder (HAND) comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of B18R and cART. Disclosed are methods of reversing behavioral abnormalities in subjects having HAND comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of B18R.

Disclosed are compositions comprising an interferon-alpha binding protein and combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART). In some aspects, the interferon-alpha binding protein is B18R. In some aspects, the compositions further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Disclosed are methods of treating a subject with HIV associated neurogenerative disorder (HAND) comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of B18R and cART. Disclosed are methods of reversing behavioral abnormalities in subjects having HAND comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of B18R.

A hepatitis B virus-derived polypeptide exhibits anti-viral effects not only on HIV-1 and HBV but also on all viruses by increasing the expression of type I interferon. The hepatitis B virus-derived polypeptide has a synergistic effect when co-administered with a conventional anti-viral agent. The hepatitis B virus-derived polypeptide is effectively usable in the treatment of virus-related diseases such as AIDS or liver diseases.

A hepatitis B virus-derived polypeptide exhibits anti-viral effects not only on HIV-1 and HBV but also on all viruses by increasing the expression of type I interferon. The hepatitis B virus-derived polypeptide has a synergistic effect when co-administered with a conventional anti-viral agent. The hepatitis B virus-derived polypeptide is effectively usable in the treatment of virus-related diseases such as AIDS or liver diseases.

Compounds for use in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are disclosed. The compounds have the following Formula (I): ##STR00001##
including stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R.sup.1, X, W, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Z.sup.1, and Z.sup.4 are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, are also disclosed.

This invention relates to methods and compositions for inhibiting the transmission of enveloped viruses, which entails applying a composition containing a low molecular weight hydrophobically-modified polymer to an infectable or ingestible surface that may contain viruses, wherein said compositions further comprise less than about 9% by weight of surfactant having an HLB of greater than 12.

Methods for inducing an immune response against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in HIV-infected subjects undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) are described. The methods involve initial administration of an adenovirus vector vaccine and subsequent administration of a poxvirus vector vaccine, followed by administration of anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAb).

Methods for inducing an immune response against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in HIV-infected subjects undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) are described. The methods involve initial administration of an adenovirus vector vaccine and subsequent administration of a poxvirus vector vaccine, followed by administration of anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAb).

The present invention relates to novel steroidal compounds of formula (I), process for preparation of the same and composition comprising these compounds. ##STR00001##