A communication system includes: a management server that receives, from an information terminal connectable to a first network, a connection request for connecting to a web service provided by a web server connectable to a second network; first communication control circuitry that controls communication of a communication apparatus connectable to the second network, and second communication control circuitry that controls communication of the information terminal. The first communication control circuitry connects to a relay server that relays communication between the second network and the first network. The second communication control circuitry connects the information terminal to the relay server. A request for the web service provided by the web server and a response to the request are transmitted and received between a web browser of the information terminal and the web server via the relay server and the first communication control circuitry.

A communication system includes: a management server that receives, from an information terminal connectable to a first network, a connection request for connecting to a web service provided by a web server connectable to a second network; first communication control circuitry that controls communication of a communication apparatus connectable to the second network, and second communication control circuitry that controls communication of the information terminal. The first communication control circuitry connects to a relay server that relays communication between the second network and the first network. The second communication control circuitry connects the information terminal to the relay server. A request for the web service provided by the web server and a response to the request are transmitted and received between a web browser of the information terminal and the web server via the relay server and the first communication control circuitry.

Provided is a packet transmission system including: terminal apparatuses; a first transmission path connected to the terminal apparatuses and including a first wireless zone; a second transmission path connected to the terminal apparatuses and including a second wireless zone; a bandwidth monitoring unit configured to monitor bandwidth information of the first wireless zone and bandwidth information of the second wireless zone; and a path switching unit configured to determine respective minimum bandwidth values of the first transmission path and the second transmission path on the basis of the bandwidth information of the first wireless zone and the bandwidth information of the second wireless zone, and to determine through which of packet transmission paths packets are transmitted on the basis of results of the determination of the respective minimum bandwidth values.

Multipath hosts with the ability to detect path latency, report latency values on paths between the Latency Detecting (LD) host and a set of storage systems. The detected latency values are used by the storage system to create a data structure correlating path information with the detected latency values. When hosts without the ability to detect path latencies (non-LD hosts) connect to the storage systems, the path information about paths used by the non-LD hosts is used to determine reported latency values for paths with similar path information, to generate presumed latency values for the paths used by the non-LD hosts. Where paths used by non-LD hosts have higher latency values, the storage system sets a path attribute value, such as an ALUA state for the path, to signal non-LD hosts to preferentially use paths with lower presumed latency values.

Multipath hosts with the ability to detect path latency, report latency values on paths between the Latency Detecting (LD) host and a set of storage systems. The detected latency values are used by the storage system to create a data structure correlating path information with the detected latency values. When hosts without the ability to detect path latencies (non-LD hosts) connect to the storage systems, the path information about paths used by the non-LD hosts is used to determine reported latency values for paths with similar path information, to generate presumed latency values for the paths used by the non-LD hosts. Where paths used by non-LD hosts have higher latency values, the storage system sets a path attribute value, such as an ALUA state for the path, to signal non-LD hosts to preferentially use paths with lower presumed latency values.

A packet routing method includes computing, for a source node in the data network and a destination node in the data network, a set of multiple routes providing a set of shortest routes from the source to the destination that satisfy all the truth assignments for the Boolean algebra available from the path in the network. The method selects, for a packet flow, a route where logical conjunction of the policy constraints of the flow and the route is satisfied and where the route has sufficient bandwidth.

A packet routing method includes computing, for a source node in the data network and a destination node in the data network, a set of multiple routes providing a set of shortest routes from the source to the destination that satisfy all the truth assignments for the Boolean algebra available from the path in the network. The method selects, for a packet flow, a route where logical conjunction of the policy constraints of the flow and the route is satisfied and where the route has sufficient bandwidth.

Provided is a rerouting method. The method includes: updating network slice information based on service information of an affected service, wherein the service information includes service bandwidth resources, and the network slice information is information of one or more network slices obtained by dividing a topology of an original network; obtaining a network slice index of the affected service based on the service information of the affected service and the updated network slice information, wherein the network slice index is a correspondence between the affected service and the network slice; and determining a new route for the affected service based on the affected service and the network slice index. The rerouting method has the advantages of short time consumption, high efficiency and high success rate when performing rerouting. A rerouting apparatus, an electronic device, and a computer readable medium are also provided.

Systems and methods include determining a Multi-Point to Point (MP2P) tree from a plurality of source nodes to a destination node in a Segment Routing network, wherein the plurality of source nodes are sending traffic with guaranteed bandwidth requirements to the destination node, and wherein the MP2P tree is determined based on the guaranteed bandwidth; assigning a globally unique Segment Identifier (SID) for the MP2P tree; and causing programming of forwarding entries in the plurality of source nodes, any intermediate nodes, and the destination node, based on the MP2P tree. The steps can further include receiving measurements from nodes on the MP2P tree of bandwidth utilized against the globally unique SID; and updating the MP2P tree if required based on the measurements. Each of the plurality of source nodes utilize the globally unique SID to send traffic with guaranteed bandwidth requirements to the destination node.

Some embodiments of the invention provide a method for monitoring and adjusting a service chain that includes several services to perform on data messages passing through a network. For a service chain implemented by a set of service paths each of which includes several service nodes that implement the services of the service chain, the method receives, from a set of service proxies, operational data relating to data transmission characteristics of a set of operational service nodes. The method analyzes the data transmission characteristics. In response to the analysis of the data transmission characteristics, the method alters the set of service paths implementing the service chain.