The system disclosed herein implements an improved end-to-end network performance for data transmissions that span multiple networks operated by different organizations. The improvements are achieved as a result of exchanging routing information. For instance, the exchanged routing information can be representative of network performance factors. When different operators of different networks agree to exchange routing information, an optimal end-to-end path between two endpoint devices can be identified and selected for data transmission. This benefits both network operators as the users served by the networks are more likely to be satisfied with the user experience (e.g., faster download and upload of data).

Systems including at least one processor and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, result in the system collecting real-time telemetry measurements for packets received at each hop of an overlay network, and the system injecting the measurements into a variable-length trailers of the packets.

A packet processing system having each of a plurality of hierarchical clients and a packet memory arbiter serially communicatively coupled together via a plurality of primary interfaces thereby forming a unidirectional client chain. This chain is then able to be utilized by all of the hierarchical clients to write the packet data to or read the packet data from the packet memory.

Systems and methods implemented in a node in a cloud-based system include loading a data structure into memory, wherein the data structure includes cities mapped to cells where the cells cover all of the Earth; receiving a call with a given latitude and longitude of a user device; finding a closest city to the given latitude and longitude utilizing the data structure; and providing the closest city in response to the call. The systems and methods can also include utilizing the closest city for policy in the cloud-based system for the user device.

To easily design a communication path topology optimized in view of reducing the amount of equipment needed under the condition that availability against multiple failures in a network is maintained. A transmission path design apparatus (100) performs: a step (S14) of extracting, from the multiple base stations, a first group of base stations whose number of communication-path routes connected is large, based on transmission network model initial data (D0); a step (S16) of extracting a first group of communication paths connecting the base stations in the first group; a step (S16) of calculating a both-end path value (d_i,j) for each communication path in the first group; and steps (S18 to S24) of determining the communication path whose both-end path value satisfies a predetermined condition as a thinning-out target communication path, and generating output data Dy in which the thinning-out target communication path is reflected on the transmission network model initial data. The optimized output data (Dy) can be generated by extracting a deletable communication path in order from the model of the initial data (D0).

A routing method, a routing device and a computer-readable storage medium are disclosed. The routing method includes: allocating, to each of network slices corresponding to different algorithm types, a segment identifier corresponding to a respective algorithm type, and flooding the segment identifier through an IGP (S100); configuring, for each network slice, a QoS policy corresponding to a respective algorithm type (S200); and, forwarding a packet based on the segment identifier and the QoS policy (S300).

Embodiments of this application provide a method for determining route flapping information, to determine route flapping information based on parameter information reported by a routing device. The method in the embodiments of this application includes the following steps: receiving parameter information sent by each of at least one routing device, where parameter information sent by any routing device includes at least one of protocol packet information, count information, and identity identification information of the any routing device; and determining route flapping information of a target routing device based on the parameter information sent by each of the at least one routing device, where the target routing device is one of the at least one routing device.

Network devices that (a) test that GPS-clock enabled network devices have synchronized clocks, (b) identify non-GPS-clock enabled network devices with symmetric latencies as likely to be synchronized to GPS-clock enabled neighbor devices, (c) determine clock skews of remaining network devices not identified in (a) or (b) against the network devices identified in (a) and (b), and re-evaluate latencies of the GPS-clock enabled network devices, the non-GPS-clock enabled network devices, and the remaining devices based on the results of (a)-(c).

A method for cross datacenter service-to-service communication over a shortest network route using mesh gateways. A mesh gateway receives a protocol message from a first service directed to a second service, identifies destination information associated with the second service, recognizes a routing configuration for routing the protocol message, determines a network route based on the routing configuration, and forwards the protocol message to another gateway associated with the second service over the determined network route.

A control server receives probe data from a plurality of data centers indicating measured latencies with a first IP address associated with an origin server. The control server sums the measured latencies of a first data center having a lowest measured latency and a second data center. When the sum is below a threshold value, the control server determines the IP address to be an anycast IP address and selects a proper subset of the plurality of data centers as proxying data centers for other data centers in the plurality of data centers. When the sum is not below the threshold value, the control server determines the IP address to not be an anycast IP address and selects the first data center having the lowest measure latencies as the proxying data center for other data centers in the plurality of data centers.