The precision time protocol (PTP) runs on the peer switches in an MLAG domain. PTP messages received by one peer switch on an MLAG interface is selectively peer-forwarded to the other peer switch on the same MLAG interface in order to coordinate a synchronization session with a PTP node. The peer-forwarded messages inform one peer switch to be an active peer and the other peer switch to be an inactive peer so that timestamped messages during the synchronization session are exchanged only between the PTP node the active peer, and hence take the same data path.

A communication apparatus capable of performing multilink communication conforming to the IEEE802.11 standard series, the communication apparatus includes an establishment unit configured to establish a link with another communication apparatus, and a first sharing unit configured to share, in a case where the establishment unit establishes a first link and a second link between the communication apparatus and the another communication apparatus, a PTK (Pairwise Transient Key) for encryption of unicast communication by 4 Way Handshake processing that is performed with the another communication apparatus in the first link, wherein, in the second link, the PTK is used to encrypt unicast communication in the second link without performing the 4 Way Handshake processing.

A system and method to transmit frames from a first node to a second node over a plurality of radio links comprising a classifier to classify said frames according to one of a plurality of flow and a sequence number within said one of said plurality of flow and adding said flow and sequence number in a header of said classified frame a splitter receiving said classified frames from said classifier and distributing said classified frames on one of said plurality of radio links for transmission to said second node, a joiner receiving said classified frames and reordering them using an indexed sequence queue corresponding to each of said plurality of flows, a timer for waiting for frames missing in the sequence in one of said indexed sequence queue, wherein when said timer expires, if said frame has not arrived it is deemed lost and a forwarder to extract frames from said sequence queue to forward.

A system may include a client device running multiple client-side applications and server equipment running multiple server-side applications. One or more traffic aggregators may be provided between the client-side applications and the server-side applications. Each traffic aggregator may aggregate application traffic from the multiple applications to form one or more classes of aggregated data. Interfaces may be provided between the traffic aggregators and the applications to customize application traffic. Traffic aggregators in the system may be dynamically updated.

Embodiments of this application provide a multi-link communication method, an apparatus, and a system that relate to the field of communication technologies, to resolve a technical problem in conventional multi-link communication that an amount of information sent by a multi-link device to a peer multi-link device is large, a process in which the peer multi-link device determines, based on the information, a link that can support simultaneous data sending and receiving as a link that is receiving data is cumbersome, and processing load of the peer multi-link device is heavy. The method includes: generating link grouping information, where the link grouping meets a following characteristic: links belonging to different link groups support simultaneous data sending and receiving; and sending the link grouping information.

A method may include monitoring a network performance metric for multiple paths to a destination through a network, and storing historical performance data for the paths. The method may also include receiving a data flow directed to the destination, where the data flow may be subject to a network performance agreement. The method may additionally include determining aggregate historical performances for the paths, and comparing the aggregate historical performances for the paths. The method may also include, based on the comparison of the aggregate historical performances, routing the data flow through the network.

Data transmission method and device are provided. The method includes: determining a portion of a plurality of links as dedicated link, and the other portion of the plurality of links as ordinary link, wherein the dedicated link is configured to transmit control frames which include ordinary control frames and dedicated control frames, and the ordinary link is configured to transmit data frames and ordinary control frames; determining links for control frames to be transmitted and data frames to be transmitted; and when the dedicated link or the ordinary link obtains a transmission opportunity, transmitting a control frame or a data frame at a head of a queuing list of the link. By configuring the dedicated link, transmission efficiency of the control frames may be improved, compatibility with existing systems is relatively good, and complexity of design is relatively low.

An aspect of the present disclosure relates to establishing and controlling virtual network communications between storage arrays. In embodiments, Input/Output (IO) workloads received by a source device are monitored. IO operations of each IO workload to be transmitted to one or more target devices of a plurality of target devices can be identified. Transmissions of one or more of the identified IO operations can be controlled based on one or more characteristics of each identified IO operation.

A method for optimizing network device resources that includes receiving, by an optimizer, first resource utilization data, making a first determination, based on the first resource utilization data, that resource utilization exceeds an upper threshold, starting, based on the first determination, an optimization process, that includes identifying a resource optimization entry of a resource class optimization queue, and initiating optimization of a resource fragment specified by the resource optimization entry. After initiating optimization of the region of the memory, the method additionally includes receiving second resource utilization data, making a second determination, based on the second resource utilization data, that the resource utilization is below a lower threshold, and halting, based on the second determination, the optimization process.

In a data processing method, a timeout aggregation node of a cluster obtains first data that is partial aggregated data in a data-intensive computing task. The first data carries a first identifier of a timeout node indicating that a timeout occurs on the timeout node. The timeout aggregation node obtains second data of the timeout node based on the first identifier, where the second data is to-be-aggregated data sent by the timeout node. The timeout aggregation node aggregates the first data and the second data according to a preset rule to obtain third data that is complete aggregated data. The timeout aggregation node then notifies each computing node in the cluster of the third data.