Example communication methods and communications apparatuses are provided to verify a user equipment route selection policy (URSP) used by a terminal apparatus. One example communication method includes obtaining information about a first application of at least one packet data unit (PDU) session, where the information about the first application is determined based on a first URSP, and then sending the information about the first application to a second network element, where the information about the first application is used to verify whether information about a second application of the at least one PDU session matches the information about the first application, and the information about the second application is information about an application to which a data packet in the at least one PDU session belongs.

A system includes reception of an instruction to send a message to a computer server, determination of a plurality of segments of the message, determination, for each of the plurality of segments, of a network path from a plurality of network paths to the computer server based on performance-related characteristics of the plurality of network paths, and assignment, for each of the plurality of segments, of the segment to a transmission queue associated with the network path determined for the segment.

A method for transmitting multiple data streams of different communication services over a multipath transmission system includes: providing data to be transmitted, wherein the data to be transmitted comprises first data and second data; detecting, out of a plurality of communication services, a first communication service the first data belongs to and a second communication service the second data belongs to; mapping the first data to a first data stream and the second data to a second data stream based on the first and second detected communication services; scheduling transfer of the first data stream and the second data stream based on the first classification parameter assigned to the first and second communication services; and scheduling transmission of the first data and the second data to the destination communication device based on the at least one second classification parameter assigned to the first and second communication services.

A communication method and a communication apparatus are provided to send, to a terminal device by using an RRC message, information about at least one first network slice corresponding to a first identifier. The method includes: a first access network device broadcasts a first identifier, where the first identifier identifies information about a first access network slice; and the first access network device sends a radio resource control RRC message to a terminal device, where the RRC message includes information about at least one first network slice corresponding to the first identifier.

Systems and methods are disclosed for exchanging real-time data between vehicle systems by receiving, at a first source system, a request for data from a requestor and, based on determining that the first source system does not have all requested data, querying an operations center for missing data. Then, based on determining that the operations center does not have all missing data, the operations center is queried for a list comprising candidate source systems. Upon identifying a next source system from the list, the next source system is queried for missing data, and the next source system is removed from the list. Based on whether the next source system has all missing data, either all missing data is transmitted to the requestor, or, the process of finding and querying for the missing data is iteratively performed until all missing data is received or the list is empty.

A data processing method implemented by a controller includes after receiving a processing request from a specified node carrying identifiers of a plurality of computing nodes configured to execute a specified calculation task, determining a target switching device from switching devices that are configured to connect to the plurality of computing nodes, and separately sending, to the target switching device and the specified node, routing information used to indicate data forwarding paths between the plurality of computing nodes and the target switching device. The target switching device is configured to combine, based on the routing information, data reported by the plurality of computing nodes, and then send combined data to each computing node. The specified node is configured to send the routing information to each computing node, and each computing node may report data to the target switching device based on the routing information.

In a system including a plurality of computing subsystems executing a set of hosted applications, each of the computing subsystems maintains a copy of a common routing matrix defining, for each hosted application, an identifier of a computing subsystem configured to host the application. A first intra-subsystem routing component of a first one of the computing subsystems receives a message; determines a target one of the hosted applications to process the message; identifies, according to the common routing matrix, a second one of the computing subsystems that executes the target hosted application; and in response to the identifying, provides the message and a routing indicator to a first inter-subsystem routing component of the first computing subsystem. The first inter-subsystem routing component the transmits the message to the second computing subsystem.

A service function chaining (SFC)-based packet forwarding method, an apparatus, and a system, where the packet forwarding method includes receiving, by a first service function forwarding node, a packet forwarding rule from a control node, where the packet forwarding rule indicating a mapping relationship between a match item of traffic characteristic information of a packet and route prefix information, receiving, by the first service function forwarding node, a first packet, where a header of the first packet carries traffic characteristic information of the first packet, determining, by the first service function forwarding node based on the packet forwarding rule, target route prefix information corresponding to the traffic characteristic information of the first packet, determining, by the first service function forwarding node, target next-hop information based on the target route prefix information, and forwarding the first packet based on the target next-hop information.

A method for anticipatory bidirectional packet steering involves receiving, by a first packet steering module of a network, a first encapsulated packet traveling in a forward traffic direction. The first encapsulated packet includes a first encapsulating data structure. The network includes two or more packet steering modules and two or more network nodes. Each of the packet steering modules includes a packet classifier module, a return path learning module, a flow policy table, and a replicated data structure (RDS). The return path learning module of the first packet steering module generates return traffic path information associated with the first encapsulated packet and based on the first encapsulating data structure. The first packet steering module updates the RDS using the return traffic path information and transmits the return traffic path information to one or more other packet steering modules.

Embodiments of a method of operation of a service requestor to request a service from a chain controller in a cellular communications network in which a user plane function is decomposed into a plurality of micro user plane functions are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method comprises sending, to the chain controller, a service description or a request to update a service description. The service description comprises one or more service template instances having respective service template definitions. Each service template definition of the respective service template definitions being data that defines a set of micro user plane functions that realize a service or a part of a service. Each service template instance of the one or more service template instances comprises data that defines a reference to the respective service template definition. The method further comprises receiving a reply from the chain controller.