A packet sending method includes: A first device obtains geographical location information of the first device, and generates a first Internet Protocol version 6 IPv6 packet, where the first IPv6 packet carries the geographical location information of the first device; and the first device sends the first IPv6 packet.

Methods and systems are provided for performing lossy dropping and ECN marking in a flow-based network. The system can maintain state information of individual packet flows, which can be set up or released dynamically based on injected data. Each flow can be provided with a flow-specific input queue upon arriving at a switch. Packets of a respective flow are acknowledged after reaching the egress point of the network, and the acknowledgement packets are sent back to the ingress point of the flow along the same data path. As a result, each switch can obtain state information of each flow and perform per-flow packet dropping and ECN marking.

A system includes a host processor, which has a host memory and is coupled to store data in a non-volatile memory in accordance with a storage protocol. A network interface controller (NIC) receives data packets conveyed over a packet communication network from peer computers containing, in payloads of the data packets, data records that encode data in accordance with the storage protocol for storage in the non-volatile memory. The NIC processes the data records in the data packets that are received in order in each flow from a peer computer and extracts and writes the data to the host memory, and when a data packet arrives out of order, writes the data packet to the host memory without extracting the data and processes the data packets in the flow so as to recover context information for use in processing the data records in subsequent data packets in the flow.

Provided are a method and device for packet forwarding. The method comprises: interface direction information and a routing table issued by a control plane are received, where a route in the routing table carries a routing direction identifier; when a packet is received from an interface, a forwarding plane determines the interface direction of an incoming interface of the packet according to the interface direction information, and determines a routing direction of the packet according to the routing direction identifier; if the interface direction of the incoming interface matches the routing direction, then the packet is forwarded; and if not, then the packet is discarded.

A packet processing method includes a first network device receiving a first packet, where the first packet includes a plurality of segment identifier (SID) lists, the plurality of SID lists include a primary SID list and at least one secondary SID list. The at least one secondary SID list includes a first secondary SID list, and the first secondary SID list is a backup of the primary SID list. The first network device processes the first packet based on the primary SID list. When a forwarding path indicated by a segment identifier list is faulty, data packet forwarding processing can still be implemented in the segment routing network.

This disclosure describes techniques for implementing centralized path computation for routing in hybrid information-centric networking protocols implemented as a virtual network overlay. A method includes receiving an interest packet header from a forwarding router node of a network overlay. The method further includes determining an interest path of the interest packet and one or more destination router nodes of the network overlay. The method further includes computing one or more paths over the network overlay. The method further includes determining an addressing method for the one or more computed paths over the network overlay. The method further includes performing at least one of encoding each computed path in a data packet header, and encoding each computed path as state entries of each router node of the network overlay on each respective path. The method further includes returning the computed path information to the forwarding router node.

A method implemented by a first node in a segment routing (SR) network domain includes receiving, from a second node of another network domain, a packet that is to pass through the SR network domain in accordance with segment identifiers (SIDs). The method also includes obtaining compressed SIDs corresponding to some of the SIDs. The method includes generating, by the first node, a segment routing header (SRH) having a list of segments and a segment left (SL) field. The method finally includes adding the SRH to the packet, and forwarding the packet with the SRH to a third node in the SR network domain.

A system includes a host processor, which has a host memory and is coupled to store data in a non-volatile memory in accordance with a storage protocol. A network interface controller (NIC) receives data packets conveyed over a packet communication network from peer computers containing, in payloads of the data packets, data records that encode data in accordance with the storage protocol for storage in the non-volatile memory. The NIC processes the data records in the data packets that are received in order in each flow from a peer computer and extracts and writes the data to the host memory, and when a data packet arrives out of order, writes the data packet to the host memory without extracting the data and processes the data packets in the flow so as to recover context information for use in processing the data records in subsequent data packets in the flow.

Provided is a virtual circuit-based data packet processing method, which includes that: identification information of a next-hop Provider Edge (PE) node of a routing packet and identification information of an Original PE (OPE) node of the routing packet are determined according to the routing packet corresponding to a Virtual Private Network (VPN) service instance; a context virtual circuit is determined, wherein nodes at both ends of the context virtual circuit are respectively the current PE node and the OPE node; a virtual circuit label of the context virtual circuit is determined; a final data packet to be forwarded is obtained by carrying a VPN label of the routing packet and the virtual circuit label with an initial data packet of the VPN service instance; and the final data packet to be forwarded is forwarded to the next-hop PE node.

The present disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5.sup.th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. According to the present disclosure, communication is performed more efficiently in a software defined network (SDN) environment.