Methods and systems are provided for latency-oriented router. An incoming packet is received on a first interface. The type of the incoming packet is determined. Upon the detection that the incoming packet belongs to latency-critical traffic, the incoming packet is duplicated into one or more copies. Subsequently, the duplicated copies are sent to a second interface in a delayed fashion where the duplicated copies are spread over a time period. The duplicated copies are received and processed at the second interface.

Systems and methods are described for customizable data streams in a streaming data processing system. Routing criteria for the customizable data streams are defined by a user, an automated process, or any other process. The routing criteria can be defined using graphical controls. The streaming data processing system uses the routing criteria to determine data that should be used to populate a particular data stream. Further, processing pipelines are customized such that a particular processing pipeline can obtain data from a particular user defined data stream and write data to a particular user defined data stream. Data is routed through the user defined data streams and customized processing pipelines based on a data route. A data route for a set of data may include multiple user defined data streams and multiple processing pipelines. The data route can include a loop of processing pipelines and data streams.

Systems and methods are described for customizable data streams in a streaming data processing system. Routing criteria for the customizable data streams are defined by a user, an automated process, or any other process. The routing criteria can be defined using graphical controls. The streaming data processing system uses the routing criteria to determine data that should be used to populate a particular data stream. Further, processing pipelines are customized such that a particular processing pipeline can obtain data from a particular user defined data stream and write data to a particular user defined data stream. Data is routed through the user defined data streams and customized processing pipelines based on a data route. A data route for a set of data may include multiple user defined data streams and multiple processing pipelines. The data route can include a loop of processing pipelines and data streams.

A system and network devices for packet processing, a network device including a processor and instructions for receiving a first packet sent by a second network node, the first packet including a format of a segment identifier of the second network node describing a length and a location of each field in the segment identifier, obtaining the format based on the first packet, the segment identifier having a first field, and including a determined value of the first field in the segment identifier in a second packet sent to the second network node, the value of the first field in the segment identifier being determined based on a segment routing policy and the format, and the determined value of the first field indicating to the second network node to process the second packet.

A system and network devices for packet processing, a network device including a processor and instructions for receiving a first packet sent by a second network node, the first packet including a format of a segment identifier of the second network node describing a length and a location of each field in the segment identifier, obtaining the format based on the first packet, the segment identifier having a first field, and including a determined value of the first field in the segment identifier in a second packet sent to the second network node, the value of the first field in the segment identifier being determined based on a segment routing policy and the format, and the determined value of the first field indicating to the second network node to process the second packet.

A network device may receive policy data identifying a first segment routing (SR) policy and a second SR policy. The first SR policy may be associated with a first path through a network and a first next hop, and the second SR policy may be associated with a second path through the network and a second next hop. The network device may advertise, to another device, reachability associated with the first next hop and the second next hop, and may receive, from the other device, a packet with a header. The network device may determine, from the header, data identifying the first next hop or the second next hop, without performing a lookup, and may cause the packet to be routed to a destination address, via the first path or the second path, based on the policy data associated with the first next hop or the second next hop.

A network device may receive policy data identifying a first segment routing (SR) policy and a second SR policy. The first SR policy may be associated with a first path through a network and a first next hop, and the second SR policy may be associated with a second path through the network and a second next hop. The network device may advertise, to another device, reachability associated with the first next hop and the second next hop, and may receive, from the other device, a packet with a header. The network device may determine, from the header, data identifying the first next hop or the second next hop, without performing a lookup, and may cause the packet to be routed to a destination address, via the first path or the second path, based on the policy data associated with the first next hop or the second next hop.

Presented herein are techniques to address a lack of path maximum transmission unit discovery in the context of, e.g., the control and provisioning of wireless access point (CAPWAP) protocol for multicast communications. In one embodiment, IPv4-IPv6-IPv4 network address translation is used to avoid a conservative maximum transmission unit size. In another embodiment, unicast and multicast path maximum transmission unit discovery techniques are executed to set the maximum transmission unit size for multicast communications.

Presented herein are techniques to address a lack of path maximum transmission unit discovery in the context of, e.g., the control and provisioning of wireless access point (CAPWAP) protocol for multicast communications. In one embodiment, IPv4-IPv6-IPv4 network address translation is used to avoid a conservative maximum transmission unit size. In another embodiment, unicast and multicast path maximum transmission unit discovery techniques are executed to set the maximum transmission unit size for multicast communications.

This application provides a packet verification method, and the method includes: A first network device receives a BIER packet, where packet header information of the BIER packet includes a first keyed-hash message authentication code HMAC, and the first HMAC is used to verify whether the BIER packet is a valid BIER packet; determines a second HMAC based on a first key and first information in the packet header information, where the first information is used to indicate forwarding information of the BIER packet; determines whether the first HMAC is the same as the second HMAC; and when determining that the first HMAC is different from the second HMAC, determines that the BIER packet is an invalid BIER packet.