A relay apparatus executes either (i) transmitting a received frame, which is received from a communication line, to a different communication line or (ii) discarding the received frame as a discarded frame, according to a preset filtering rule. The relay apparatus stores discard information indicating information on the discarded frame in a preset discard recording storage when discarding the received frame as the discarded frame.

A method for data communication between a first node and a second node over a number of data paths coupling the first node and the second node includes transmitting messages between the first node and the second node over the number of data paths including transmitting a first subset of the messages over a first data path of the number of data paths, and transmitting a second subset of the messages over a second data path of the number of data paths. The first data path has a first latency and the second data path has a second latency substantially larger than the first latency, and messages of the first subset of the messages are chosen to have first message characteristics and messages of the second subset are chosen to have second message characteristics, different from the first message characteristics.

A method for congestion control in a data communication protocol employing acknowledged communication may include measuring a flight size. A transmission rate may be measured. A trend of the flight size may be determined. A trend of the transmission rate may be determined, and the trend may be derived from a transmission rate gradient calculation, in which either the transmission rate measurements or the transmission rate gradient calculations or both may be filtered to reduce their temporal variability. Whether there is a congestion may be detected according to the determined trend of the transmission rate and the trend of the flight size. Upon detection of the congestion, a change may be made from a current congestion control state to a new congestion control state. Data may be transmitted while respecting a maximum amount of unacknowledged data which the transmitting node may transmit. An apparatus is also disclosed.

A method for data communication from a first node to a second node over a data channel coupling the first node and the second node includes receiving data messages at the second node, the messages belonging to a set of data messages transmitted in a sequential order from the first node, sending feedback messages from the second node to the first node, the feedback messages characterizing a delivery status of the set of data messages at the second node, including maintaining a set of one or more timers according to occurrences of a number of delivery order events, the maintaining including modifying a status of one or more timers of the set of timers based on occurrences of the number of delivery order events, and deferring sending of said feedback messages until expiry of one or more of the set of one or more timers.

A method for congestion control in a data communication protocol employing acknowledged communication may include measuring a flight size. A transmission rate may be measured. A trend of the flight size may be determined. A trend of the transmission rate may be determined, and the trend may be derived from a transmission rate gradient calculation, in which either the transmission rate measurements or the transmission rate gradient calculations or both may be filtered to reduce their temporal variability. Whether there is a congestion may be detected according to the determined trend of the transmission rate and the trend of the flight size. Upon detection of the congestion, a change may be made from a current congestion control state to a new congestion control state. Data may be transmitted while respecting a maximum amount of unacknowledged data which the transmitting node may transmit. An apparatus is also disclosed.

The present application relates to data frame transmission. An network device comprising a processor to receive data frames tagged with at least timestamps and sequence numbers; buffer the received data frames for a time threshold; order the buffered data frames based on the sequence numbers; and forward the ordered data frames to a client device based on the timestamps, in response to elapse of the time threshold.

A method for data communication between a first node and a second node over a data paths coupling the first node and the second node includes transmitting messages between the first node and the second node over the data paths including transmitting at least some of the messages over a first data path using a first communication protocol, and transmitting at least some of the messages over a second data path using a second communication protocol and determining that the first data path is altering a flow of messages over the first data path due to the messages being transmitted using the first communication protocol, and in response to the determining, adjusting a number of messages sent over the data paths including decreasing a number of the messages transmitted over the first data path and increasing a number of messages transmitted over the second data path.

Systems and methods for enhanced monitoring and adaptive management of inter-network Domain Name System (DNS) traffic include an information capture device in a monitored network. The information capture device receives a redirected connection request originated by a client machine in the monitored network in response to a modified DNS answer from a recursive name server outside of the monitored network, captures detailed information associated with the redirected connection request that is inaccessible to the recursive name server, and sends the captured information to a data storage accessible to the recursive name server for storage as augmented DNS data associated with the client machine and/or the redirected connection request. The information capture device further provides, in response to the redirected connection request, an adaptive answer generated based on the augmented DNS data to the client machine.

A method for modifying redundancy information associated with encoded data passing from a first node to a second node over data paths includes receiving first encoded data including first redundancy information at an intermediate node from the first node via a first channel connecting the first node and the intermediate node, the first channel having first channel characteristics and transmitting second encoded data including second redundancy information from the intermediate node to the second node via a second channel connecting the intermediate node and the second node, the second channel having second channel characteristics. A degree of redundancy associated with the second redundancy information is determined by modifying the first redundancy information based on one or both of the first channel characteristics and the second channel characteristics without decoding the first encoded data.

A method for data communication from a first node to a second node over a data channel coupling the first node and the second node includes receiving data messages at the second node, the messages belonging to a set of data messages transmitted in a sequential order from the first node, sending feedback messages from the second node to the first node, the feedback messages characterizing a delivery status of the set of data messages at the second node, including maintaining a set of one or more timers according to occurrences of a number of delivery order events, the maintaining including modifying a status of one or more timers of the set of timers based on occurrences of the number of delivery order events, and deferring sending of said feedback messages until expiry of one or more of the set of one or more timers.