A boost is provided in an overloaded system by distinguishing nodes with a “bad” traffic history from nodes with a “good” traffic history. In so doing, a core network node is able to apply additional resources to the node(s) having a “good” history in the form of a boost factor. Based on a system capacity and a working point, e.g., a critical number of active nodes with a “bad” traffic history, the core network node may determine a throughput history limit belonging to the “bad” traffic history. Responsive to expected requirements for a newly active node (i.e., a node having a “good” traffic history), the core network node determines a boost factor for the newly active node, applies the boost factor to the average resources allocated to the nodes with the “bad” traffic history to determine boosted resources, and allocates the boosted resources to the newly active node.

A boost is provided in an overloaded system by distinguishing nodes with a “bad” traffic history from nodes with a “good” traffic history. In so doing, a core network node is able to apply additional resources to the node(s) having a “good” history in the form of a boost factor. Based on a system capacity and a working point, e.g., a critical number of active nodes with a “bad” traffic history, the core network node may determine a throughput history limit belonging to the “bad” traffic history. Responsive to expected requirements for a newly active node (i.e., a node having a “good” traffic history), the core network node determines a boost factor for the newly active node, applies the boost factor to the average resources allocated to the nodes with the “bad” traffic history to determine boosted resources, and allocates the boosted resources to the newly active node.

A virtualized computing environment of a telecommunications network comprises a cluster of virtual machines with a one-to-one ratio of active and backup virtual machines. One or more additional clusters of virtual machines have a N-to-K ratio of active and backup virtual machines where N>K. The backup virtual machines are configured to provide failover capacity for processing communications sessions in an event of a failure of one of the active virtual machines. A cluster redundancy capability indicates the ratio of the active and backup virtual machines for that cluster. A predetermined type associated with a requested communication session is determined. A cluster having a cluster redundancy capability corresponding to the predetermined type is selected. Data for the requested communication session is sent to an active virtual machine in the selected cluster.

This application describes a congestion control method and apparatus. In this application, a network device obtains time information of one or more congestion packets in a sent first data stream, where the one or more congestion packet carries a flag indicating a congestion notification. When the first data stream is congested, the network device obtains a first congestion notification packet based on the time information of the one or more congestion packets in the first data stream, where the first congestion notification packet notifies that a packet is congested beyond a first specified interval. The network device then sends the first congestion notification packet. According to the solutions in this application, a rate of a data stream can be prevented from being increased when the data stream is congested, and packet transmission efficiency is improved.

Systems and methods are disclosed for determining a topology of a network comprising a plurality of intermediary devices and intermediary paths. One method includes transmitting probes having a TTL value with a destination set to a destination device; receiving, for each probe transmitted, a response including an IP address of a responding device; determining whether more than one responding device has responded to the probes; determining whether more than one responding device has been found for two previous transmissions of probes when more than one responding device has responded to the probes; and transmitting, for each more than one responding device, probes having a decreased TTL value with a destination set to one of the IP addresses of the more than one responding devices, when more than one responding device has been found for two previous transmissions.

An apparatus for communication between a sending application and a receiving application of a receiving apparatus includes a processor that is configured to establish a stream for transmitting data between the sending application and the receiving application; receive a first request from the sending application to transmit metadata to the receiving application; receive a second request from the sending application to transmit application data to the receiving application; responsive to a determination that a frame that includes the application data and the metadata has a size that is smaller than or equal to a maximum frame size, construct the frame to include the application data and the metadata; and transmit the frame in a packet to the receiving apparatus.

When a first access node is considering setup of dual-connectivity service for a UE, the first access node could take into consideration a group delay variation of each of one or more candidate second access nodes, in order to decide whether to set up the dual-connectivity service for the UE and/or to decide which of the multiple second access nodes to use for the UE's dual-connectivity service. For instance, the first access node may decide to use a given candidate second access node for the dual-connectivity service of the UE, with the decision being based on the given candidate second access node having a lower group delay variation than one or more other candidate second access nodes.

A method of managing multipath traffic switching in a network includes a plurality of shared paths, including selecting a first path from among the plurality of shared paths; setting an initial timer to an initial timer value; sending network traffic over the first path; based on determining that at least one path characteristic of the first path is unsatisfactory and that the initial timer has not expired, generating an updated timer value by increasing the initial timer value; and based on determining that the at least one path characteristic of the first path is unsatisfactory and that the initial timer has expired, selecting a second path, sending the network traffic over the second path, and setting an updated timer to the updated timer value.

A method of managing multipath traffic switching in a network includes a plurality of shared paths, including selecting a first path from among the plurality of shared paths; setting an initial timer to an initial timer value; sending network traffic over the first path; based on determining that at least one path characteristic of the first path is unsatisfactory and that the initial timer has not expired, generating an updated timer value by increasing the initial timer value; and based on determining that the at least one path characteristic of the first path is unsatisfactory and that the initial timer has expired, selecting a second path, sending the network traffic over the second path, and setting an updated timer to the updated timer value.

A first network node is arranged to communicate with a second network node. The first and second network nodes are connected by a first path and a second path. The first path uses a first communications network and the second path uses a second communications network. The first network node has a first mode and a second mode of operation, such that in a first mode traffic between the first and second network nodes is transmitted over the first path and not the second path, and in a second mode traffic between the first and second network nodes is transmitted over the first path and the second path. The network node comprises a mode selector arranged to select the second mode of operation when the demanded amount of traffic between the first and second network nodes exceeds a threshold value for a period of time.