A network device includes a rate measurement circuit that is configured to measure respective egress rates at which respective data is being transmitted via respective ports associated with the network device. A marking ratio determination circuit is configured to select respective marking ratios based on respective measured egress rates, the marking ratios for marking packets to be transmitted via the respective ports to indicate respective levels of congestion corresponding to the respective ports. Different marking ratios correspond to different measured egress rates. A packet editor circuit is configured to mark selected packets to be transmitted via respective ports according to the respective selected marking ratios. The respective selected marking ratios indicate to other communication devices that respective network paths via which the selected packets travelled experienced congestion, and the respective marking ratios indicate respective levels of congestion.

Systems and methods for providing bandwidth congestion control in a private fabric in a high performance computing environment. An exemplary method can provide, at one or more microprocessors, a first subnet, the first subnet comprising a plurality of switches, and a plurality of host channel adapters, wherein each of the host channel adapters comprise at least one host channel adapter port, and wherein the plurality of host channel adapters are interconnected via the plurality of switches, and a plurality of end nodes. The method can provide, at a host channel adapter, an end node ingress bandwidth quota associated with an end node attached to the host channel adapter. The method can receive, at the end node of the host channel adapter, ingress bandwidth, the ingress bandwidth exceeding the ingress bandwidth quota of the end node.

Systems and methods for providing bandwidth congestion control in a private fabric in a high performance computing environment. An exemplary method can provide, at one or more microprocessors, a first subnet, the first subnet comprising a plurality of switches, and a plurality of host channel adapters, wherein each of the host channel adapters comprise at least one host channel adapter port, and wherein the plurality of host channel adapters are interconnected via the plurality of switches, and a plurality of end nodes. The method can provide, at a host channel adapter, an end node ingress bandwidth quota associated with an end node attached to the host channel adapter. The method can receive, at the end node of the host channel adapter, ingress bandwidth, the ingress bandwidth exceeding the ingress bandwidth quota of the end node.

A computer-implementation method includes receiving a data packet; identifying a virtual queue from a list of virtual queues to which the data packet pertains; and determining whether the identified virtual queue size exceeds a threshold maximum size. When the first size does not exceed the threshold maximum size, the identified virtual queue is increased based on a size of the data packet and the data packet is forwarded. The method further includes setting a virtual queue from the list of virtual queues as a target queue; determining a service capacity based on an update time interval and increasing a credit allowance based on the service capacity. The target queue is reduced by an amount based on the credit allowance size, and the credit allowance is reduced by the same amount.

A networking router process, by a hardware data plane, a first incoming packet by matching the packet with a routing table of the hardware data plane. A software data plane processes a second incoming packet by matching the packet with a routing table of the software data plane. In response to the processing of the first incoming packet by the hardware data plane failing, subsequently processing, by the software data plane, the first incoming packet by matching the packet with the routing table of the software data plane. The method comprises delivering, from the software and hardware data plane, network traffic flow information to a flow analyzer. The flow analyzer analyzes the network traffic flow information and updates at least one of the routing tables based at least on the analyzed network traffic flow information.

A system is configured to compute a latency between a first computing device and a second computing device. The system includes a network interface card (NIC) of a first computing device. The NIC includes a set of interfaces configured to receive one or more packets and send one or more packets. The processing unit is configured to identify information indicative of a forward packet, compute, based on a first time corresponding to the forward packet and a second time corresponding to a reverse packet associated with the forward packet, a latency between the first computing device and a second computing device, wherein the second computing device includes a destination of the forward packet and a source of the reverse packet, and output information indicative of the latency between the first computing device and the second computing device.

A system is configured to compute a latency between a first computing device and a second computing device. The system includes a network interface card (NIC) of a first computing device. The NIC includes a set of interfaces configured to receive one or more packets and send one or more packets. The processing unit is configured to identify information indicative of a forward packet, compute, based on a first time corresponding to the forward packet and a second time corresponding to a reverse packet associated with the forward packet, a latency between the first computing device and a second computing device, wherein the second computing device includes a destination of the forward packet and a source of the reverse packet, and output information indicative of the latency between the first computing device and the second computing device.

Example techniques related to battery-powered playback devices. In an example, a first battery-powered playback device receives audio content from a network device and forwards the audio content to a second playback device for synchronous playback of the audio content with the second playback device, plays back the audio content, detects that a battery level of a battery of the first playback device has fallen below a predefined threshold, and ceases the forwarding of the audio content after the battery level of the battery of the first playback device has fallen below the predefined threshold. After the battery level of the first playback device has fallen below the predefined threshold, the second playback device receives the audio content from the network device, forwards the audio content to the first playback device for synchronous playback with the first playback device, and plays back the audio content in synchrony with the first playback device.

Example techniques related to battery-powered playback devices. In an example, a first battery-powered playback device receives audio content from a network device and forwards the audio content to a second playback device for synchronous playback of the audio content with the second playback device, plays back the audio content, detects that a battery level of a battery of the first playback device has fallen below a predefined threshold, and ceases the forwarding of the audio content after the battery level of the battery of the first playback device has fallen below the predefined threshold. After the battery level of the first playback device has fallen below the predefined threshold, the second playback device receives the audio content from the network device, forwards the audio content to the first playback device for synchronous playback with the first playback device, and plays back the audio content in synchrony with the first playback device.

A method for determining a designated forwarder (DF) of a multicast flow, a device, and a system are disclosed. In an Ethernet virtual private network (EVPN) scenario, a customer edge (CE) device is connected to a plurality of provider edge (PE) devices in a dual-homed or multi-homed manner. A first PE device is any one of the plurality of PE devices. After determining that the CE device connected to an Ethernet link joins a multicast group of a multicast flow, the first PE device determines bandwidth occupation statuses of a plurality of Ethernet links included in an Ethernet segment (ES) to which the Ethernet link belongs, and then determines, as a DF of the multicast flow based on the multicast flow bandwidth occupation statuses of the plurality of Ethernet links, a PE device corresponding to an Ethernet link that occupies lowest multicast flow bandwidth.