A method of wireless communication may include monitoring, by a first device, a medium for frames in response to preparing to transmit a first frame to a second device. The method may also include while monitoring the medium and before transmitting the first frame, obtaining a second frame transmitted by a third device in the medium and adjusting a transmission of the first frame to the second device in the medium based on obtaining the second frame.

A method of wireless communication may include monitoring, by a first device, a medium for frames in response to preparing to transmit a first frame to a second device. The method may also include while monitoring the medium and before transmitting the first frame, obtaining a second frame transmitted by a third device in the medium and adjusting a transmission of the first frame to the second device in the medium based on obtaining the second frame.

An in-situ flow detection method. When determining a transmission delay in a detection domain in a first in-situ flow detection period, a first network node may color a plurality of packets in a first service flow that are received by the first network node through a first inbound interface and determine the delay in the detection domain in the first in-situ flow detection period based on the plurality of colored packets, thereby improving the precision of the detected transmission delay in the detection domain.

An in-situ flow detection method. When determining a transmission delay in a detection domain in a first in-situ flow detection period, a first network node may color a plurality of packets in a first service flow that are received by the first network node through a first inbound interface and determine the delay in the detection domain in the first in-situ flow detection period based on the plurality of colored packets, thereby improving the precision of the detected transmission delay in the detection domain.

A packet processing method and a network device in a hybrid access network. The method comprises sending, by a first network device, a first data packet in a first sending window to a second network device by using a first tunnel. In response to receiving a first acknowledgement response sent by the second network device, increasing, by the first network device, a size of the first sending window based on a first proportion. In response to not receiving, within a first predetermined time, the first acknowledgement response, decreasing the size of the first sending window based on a second proportion; and in response to determining that the size of the first sending window is greater than or equal to a first threshold, sending a second data packet to a second receiving window of the second network device by using a second sending window.

Described herein is the generation of a signal for an analysis of a communication network based on a first version of a radio signal transmitted from a first node of the radio communication system to a second node of the radio communication system received at a passive node by detecting deviations of the first version of the transmitted radio signal from a second version of the radio signal received at the second node, and generating the signal based on the deviations.

A client device in a wireless network accesses a queue comprising Transmission Control Protocol Acknowledgement (TCP ACK) packets, at least some of which include packet descriptors, each with a flow identifier indicating a TCP flow associated with the packet, and a TCP ACK Generation Count. The device inspects a packet descriptor of a first TCP ACK packet, and identifies a first flow identifier and a first TCP ACK Generation Count. The device accesses entries in a data structure that each includes a first field and a second field respectively storing a flow identifier and a TCP ACK Generation Count. The device determines that a first entry in the data structure includes a flow identifier and a TCP ACK Generation Count matching the first flow identifier and the first TCP ACK Generation Count, respectively. In response to the determination, the device marks the first TCP ACK packet to be dropped.

A network system for a data center. In one example, a method comprises establishing, by a plurality of access nodes, a logical tunnel over a plurality of data paths across a switch fabric between a source access node and a destination access node included within the plurality of access nodes, wherein the source access node is coupled to a source network device; and spraying, by the source access node, a data flow of packets over the logical tunnel to the destination access node, wherein the source access node receives the data flow of packets from the source network device, and wherein spraying the data flow of packets includes directing each of the packets within the data flow to one of the data paths based on an amount of data previously transmitted on each of the plurality of data paths.

A network system for a data center. In one example, a method comprises establishing, by a plurality of access nodes, a logical tunnel over a plurality of data paths across a switch fabric between a source access node and a destination access node included within the plurality of access nodes, wherein the source access node is coupled to a source network device; and spraying, by the source access node, a data flow of packets over the logical tunnel to the destination access node, wherein the source access node receives the data flow of packets from the source network device, and wherein spraying the data flow of packets includes directing each of the packets within the data flow to one of the data paths based on an amount of data previously transmitted on each of the plurality of data paths.

This application discloses an SN synchronization method and apparatus for multicast broadcast service, a device, and a readable storage medium. The method includes: obtaining a first radio interface SN of a first multicast broadcast service received in a first cell and a second radio interface SN of the first multicast broadcast service received in a second cell; and sorting data packets of the first multicast broadcast service according to the first radio interface SN and the second radio interface SN; where the first radio interface SN and the second radio interface SN are in a same SN set, and the first radio interface SN and the second radio interface SN are at least partially different.