A first network probe is associated with a first router and with a first end-point of the first router, and a second network probe is associated with a second router and with a second end-point of the second router. The first network probe periodically injects flag packets in parallel to the traffic of a communication tunnel between the first and second end-points, with each flag packet including timestamp information expressing a time reference for the injection of the flag packet. Information relating to a timing variation in traffic in the communication tunnel is gathered, with the timing variation being measured due to a difference between the timestamp information contained in the flag packets and timestamp information relating to the instant the flag packets were captured by the second probe. Possible congestion situations experienced by the communication tunnel are assessed as a function of the gathered information.

An apparatus and a method capable of effectively providing services in a mobile communication system, and a data processing method of a data reception apparatus are provided. The apparatus and method includes obtaining, by a first lower packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer and a second lower PDCP layer, a plurality of PDCP packet data units (PDUs) based on data received from a first base station (BS) and a second BS, parallel deciphering, by the first and second lower PDCP layers, the plurality of PDCP PDUs, transmitting, from the first and second lower PDCP layers to an upper PDCP layer, the plurality of deciphered PDCP PDUs, and reordering, by the upper PDCP layer, the plurality of deciphered PDCP PDUs.

The method, in some embodiments, aggregates duplicate transmission control protocol (TCP) packets of a data stream duplicated and sent over disjoint routing paths. Each duplicate pair of packets includes a packet sequence number unique to that duplicate pair. The method iteratively (1) generates a window of packet sequence numbers for the data stream starting with a lowest packet sequence number, of the data stream, that has not been received, (2) receives a TCP packet sent over one of a first routing path and a second, disjoint routing path. If the packet sequence number of the received TCP packet is outside the window or is a duplicate of a previously received TCP packet, the method drops the received TCP packet. If the packet sequence number of the received TCP packet is within the window and is not a duplicate of a previously received TCP packet, the method stores the received packet.

The method, in some embodiments, aggregates duplicate transmission control protocol (TCP) packets of a data stream duplicated and sent over disjoint routing paths. Each duplicate pair of packets includes a packet sequence number unique to that duplicate pair. The method iteratively (1) generates a window of packet sequence numbers for the data stream starting with a lowest packet sequence number, of the data stream, that has not been received, (2) receives a TCP packet sent over one of a first routing path and a second, disjoint routing path. If the packet sequence number of the received TCP packet is outside the window or is a duplicate of a previously received TCP packet, the method drops the received TCP packet. If the packet sequence number of the received TCP packet is within the window and is not a duplicate of a previously received TCP packet, the method stores the received packet.

A system and method for management of communications for components of a global accelerator system is provided. The global accelerator system includes client devices communicating with a global access point via a public network to access various endpoints that can host services. In turn, a global access point communicates to various endpoints, which are organized into different data centers, via a private network. A global access point creates and manages separate TCP connections between the client and global access point and the client and endpoint to improve first byte latency experienced by clients that leverage the data throughput resources of the private network.

A system and method for management of communications for components of a global accelerator system is provided. The global accelerator system includes client devices communicating with a global access point via a public network to access various endpoints that can host services. In turn, a global access point communicates to various endpoints, which are organized into different data centers, via a private network. A global access point creates and manages separate TCP connections between the client and global access point and the client and endpoint to improve first byte latency experienced by clients that leverage the data throughput resources of the private network.

The “free world replication protocol” makes use of client computing resources, wherein the clients are not part of the replicated key-value store, but instead reside in the “free world” outside of the dedicated resources of the nodes of the replicated key-value store. In the free world replication protocol, only a single “write” client is authorized to modify the key-value store at any time but any number of clients may be authorized to read data from the key-value store. The write client sends its transactions to multiple nodes in the replicated key-value store. As a result, the latency between the transaction being sent from the client and the transaction being received by the multiple nodes is reduced. A consensus protocol, driven by a master node, is used to periodically ensure consistency, but the data transactions themselves do not make use of a master node.

Deterministic real-time multi-protocol heterogeneous packet-based transport is achieved by traffic shaping. When receiving a plurality of packets from a root complex where contents of each packet from the plurality of packets organized in accordance with a first protocol, a sequence number is added to each packet and a packet type is identified. Every packet in the first plurality of packets is encapsulated into at least one packet organized in accordance with a second protocol to form a second plurality of packets organized in accordance with the second protocol. All the packets from the second plurality of packets pass traffic scheduling or traffic shaping prior being sent via a plurality of connections to avoid burstiness and to achieve bounded transport latency in the plurality of connections, thereby providing deterministic real-time behavior in distributed systems.

Deterministic real-time multi-protocol heterogeneous packet-based transport is achieved by traffic shaping. When receiving a plurality of packets from a root complex where contents of each packet from the plurality of packets organized in accordance with a first protocol, a sequence number is added to each packet and a packet type is identified. Every packet in the first plurality of packets is encapsulated into at least one packet organized in accordance with a second protocol to form a second plurality of packets organized in accordance with the second protocol. All the packets from the second plurality of packets pass traffic scheduling or traffic shaping prior being sent via a plurality of connections to avoid burstiness and to achieve bounded transport latency in the plurality of connections, thereby providing deterministic real-time behavior in distributed systems.

A system and method for processing electronic data messages mitigate the transmission of one or more electronic messages including a sequence of data as a plurality of packets characterized by a sequence therebetween corresponding to the sequence of the data of the electronic message, each packet including data indicative of the sequence of that packet relative to the others of the plurality of packets, to a receiving system, prior to the sender determining that the message(s) is/are desired, alone or in conjunction with subsequently canceling or otherwise invalidating the message(s). The system and method mitigate such behavior by adding a timestamp when the packets are received, detecting if at least one of the received augmented packets of the electronic data message was received by the network interface in an order different from the sequence between the plurality of packets, and taking an action with respect to the electronic data message.