A network processing element and method for using it, are provided for use in a cluster comprising a plurality of network processing elements, wherein the network processing element is configured to enable provisioning of a plurality of different services, wherein the network processing element is configured to store state data associated with one or more functions required for carrying out each of the plurality of different services, and wherein the network processing element is further configured to provide a service or part thereof, based on the state data associated the network processing element's processing resources required for carrying out one or more functions in the provisioning of the requested service.

A method for operating a network that includes network functions that have a data-plane separated from a control-plane is provided. The network function of the network functions include network function components. The network function components include a control plane function and data plane functions. During runtime and in case of a predefined state of a first data plane function of the data plane functions, an existing subscription context of the first data plane function and associated data-plane traffic are offloaded to a second data plane function of the data plane functions.

A method for receiving a signal by an apparatus in a wireless communication system is discussed. The method includes receiving, in a first time resource within a second time resource configured as 14 number of symbols, a physical channel carrying downlink control information within resource element groups (REGs), and receiving a physical downlink shared channel based on the downlink control information. Further, the REGs are indexed starting from a symbol included in the first time resource, and a starting boundary of the first time resource is determined independently from a starting boundary of the second time resource.

A method for receiving a signal by an apparatus in a wireless communication system is discussed. The method includes receiving, in a first time resource within a second time resource configured as 14 number of symbols, a physical channel carrying downlink control information within resource element groups (REGs), and receiving a physical downlink shared channel based on the downlink control information. Further, the REGs are indexed starting from a symbol included in the first time resource, and a starting boundary of the first time resource is determined independently from a starting boundary of the second time resource.

A resource tag service of a provider network may be used to protect integration between resources of different services by generating dependency tags. When a service receives, from a client, a request for a resource of the service to use another resource of another service, a dependency tag is generated by the resource tag service. The dependency tag indicates that the resource depends on the other resource (e.g., the resources are integrated). When the other service receives, from the client, a request to delete or modify the other resource, the deletion or modification of the other resource is prevented based on the existence of the dependency tag for the other resource (e.g., the dependency tag is attached to the other resource, indicating that the other resource of the other service is integrated with the resource of the service).

The present disclosure is directed to a multi-level resource reservation system that obviates one or more of the problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. The multi-level resource reservation system creates, or modifies existing, peer-to-peer protocol(s) to complete a continuous chain of configured ports to support QoS feature(s), e.g., bound latency and guaranteed jitter, for a data flow that traverses an arbitrary sequence of bridges, routers, and virtual links.

The present disclosure is directed to a multi-level resource reservation system that obviates one or more of the problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. The multi-level resource reservation system creates, or modifies existing, peer-to-peer protocol(s) to complete a continuous chain of configured ports to support QoS feature(s), e.g., bound latency and guaranteed jitter, for a data flow that traverses an arbitrary sequence of bridges, routers, and virtual links.

A method for enabling dynamic resource ownership transfer among network slice tenants includes acquiring an initial share of resources, admitting a plurality of tenants to a private blockchain platform, initiating a resource transaction process within a consortium of peer nodes, and validating proposed transactions in a distributed and automatized way. An infrastructure provider (InP) provides a mobile network that is virtually divided into a set of slices, and an intermediate broker (IB) regulates transactions, executed via a blockchain, by which resources are distributed between tenants. A smart contract (SC) running within the blockchain implements resource auditing among tenants and enforces IB-specific policies in managing transfers of the resources between the tenants. A consensus algorithm validates the transactions, and the infrastructure provider (InP) processes validated transactions and enforces transaction directives in the resource allocation process.

Performance issues in a service function chain having a plurality of resources and a plurality of network functions each having a network function queue are diagnosed. Each network function queue is monitored and queueing information for input packets for each of the plurality of network functions is dumped to a data store. Each resource that is under contention is identified as well as which of the network functions is a contender for the resources. A diagnosing algorithm is used to diagnose performance problems and an impact graph for each victim packet is generated. A summary of results as a list of rules is then provided.

A method transmits a data element between control units of a vehicle that are coupled via at least two communication channels. The first control unit determines a communication channel indicator of a first channel that is representative of available transmission resources. The first control unit receives a data element from a data source. The priority of the data element is ascertained depending on an associated vehicle application. If the communication channel indicator indicates that the available transmission resources of the first channel are insufficient for transmission of the data element and the priority of the data element is less than a predefined priority threshold value, then storing the data element in a temporary memory of the first control unit for a predefined time interval. In a different case, the data element is transmitted from the first control unit to the second control unit via assigned communication channel(s)..