A system comprises an edge services controller configured to: compute, based on a physical topology of physical links that connect a plurality of network interface cards (NICs) that comprise embedded switches and processing units coupled to the embedded switches, a virtual topology comprising a strict subset of the physical links; and program the virtual topology into the respective processing units of the NICs to cause the processing units of the NICs to send data packets via physical links in the strict subset of the physical links.

A packet transmission method, including receiving, by a session management function network element, first access network tunnel information and second access network tunnel information that correspond to a first service, and sending a downlink forwarding rule to a user plane function network element, where the downlink forwarding rule includes the first access network tunnel information and the second access network tunnel information, and the downlink forwarding rule indicates the user plane function network element to replicate a received downlink packet of the first service, and send downlink packets of the first service through two paths respectively corresponding to the first access network tunnel information and the second access network tunnel information.

A congestion control method and an apparatus are disclosed. The method includes: after a sending device generates an unscheduled data packet of a first flow, if it is determined, based on an unscheduled packet send window shared by all flows, that the unscheduled data packet meets a sending condition, determining whether to request to add a quota for at least one of the unscheduled packet send window and a scheduled packet send window corresponding to the first flow; and if it is determined that the quota is requested to be added for the at least one of the unscheduled packet send window and the scheduled packet send window corresponding to the first flow, setting indication information in the unscheduled data packet, and sending, to a receiving device, the unscheduled data packet in which the indication information is set.

A system, method, and computer program product are provided for a determining a network situation in a communication network. In use, at least one threshold value of at least one operational parameter of a communication network is obtained, the at least one operational parameter representing at least one operational status of at least one of a computational device or a communication device. Additionally, log data of the communication network is obtained, the log data containing at least one value of the at least one operational parameter reported by at least one network entity of the communication network. The at least one value of the at least one operational parameter of the log data is compared with a corresponding threshold value of the at least one threshold value to form a detection of a network situation. Further, the detection of the network situation is reported if the at least one value of the at least one operational parameter of the log data traverses the corresponding threshold value of the at least one threshold value.

Various arrangements for performing navigation based on characteristics of a cellular network are provided. A quality of experience (QoE) level required for a wireless service to be performed for a networked device may be determined. A current location and a destination for a vehicle may be determined. A wireless network coverage area map may be accessed that maps network performance characteristics for the cellular network across a geographic region. A navigation route from the current location to the destination based on the wireless network coverage area map and the determined QoE may be determined. The determined navigational route may be output to a navigation system.

A bandwidth control method, apparatus, and a device, in the field of computer technologies includes determining an upper bandwidth limit of the device when providing a service for registered clients, resetting an upper bandwidth limit of each client based on a working status of each client and the upper bandwidth limit of the device, and reallocating a bandwidth to each client based on the upper bandwidth limit of each client.

A bandwidth control method, apparatus, and a device, in the field of computer technologies includes determining an upper bandwidth limit of the device when providing a service for registered clients, resetting an upper bandwidth limit of each client based on a working status of each client and the upper bandwidth limit of the device, and reallocating a bandwidth to each client based on the upper bandwidth limit of each client.

A method for determining a designated forwarder (DF) of a multicast flow, a device, and a system are disclosed. In an Ethernet virtual private network (EVPN) scenario, a customer edge (CE) device is connected to a plurality of provider edge (PE) devices in a dual-homed or multi-homed manner. A first PE device is any one of the plurality of PE devices. After determining that the CE device connected to an Ethernet link joins a multicast group of a multicast flow, the first PE device determines bandwidth occupation statuses of a plurality of Ethernet links included in an Ethernet segment (ES) to which the Ethernet link belongs, and then determines, as a DF of the multicast flow based on the multicast flow bandwidth occupation statuses of the plurality of Ethernet links, a PE device corresponding to an Ethernet link that occupies lowest multicast flow bandwidth.

Systems and methods described herein support tag based request context in a cloud infrastructure environment. Cloud administrators do not generally have the ability to restrict resource usage in existing clouds. Granting a user permission to create resources allows them to create and/or terminate any number of resources up to a predefined account limit. Tags are associated with requests for resources for allowing administrators to restrict a user's handling of resources to the appropriate level by allowing fine-tuned control of access to the resources based on the context of the request for the resources. Request context information of the request is compared against a required credential gate level for permitting handling of resources in a tenancy having the first privilege level classification, and the request is selectively granted based on the request context information matching the first required credential gate level.

This application provides a packet processing method and a device. In this application, a control identifier field is added to a packet, and the control identifier field indicates whether forwarding of the packet is allowed when a resource corresponding to a slice identifier fails to be matched. The control identifier field and a slice identifier of a network slice are carried in the packet, so that the slice identifier and the control identifier field are transmitted on a network together. When a receive end fails to match the resource corresponding to the slice identifier, the receive end can discard the packet based on the control identifier field, instead of forwarding the packet by using routing information.