A method for determining a designated forwarder (DF) of a multicast flow, a device, and a system are disclosed. In an Ethernet virtual private network (EVPN) scenario, a customer edge (CE) device is connected to a plurality of provider edge (PE) devices in a dual-homed or multi-homed manner. A first PE device is any one of the plurality of PE devices. After determining that the CE device connected to an Ethernet link joins a multicast group of a multicast flow, the first PE device determines bandwidth occupation statuses of a plurality of Ethernet links included in an Ethernet segment (ES) to which the Ethernet link belongs, and then determines, as a DF of the multicast flow based on the multicast flow bandwidth occupation statuses of the plurality of Ethernet links, a PE device corresponding to an Ethernet link that occupies lowest multicast flow bandwidth.

In one embodiment, a method is performed at a node in a multi-site enterprise fabric. The method includes obtaining map entries from a fabric control plane of the multi-site enterprise fabric, where the map entries are associated with identifiers of endpoints in external networks, site and virtual network identifiers of sites in the multi-site enterprise fabric, location identifiers of border nodes, and characteristics of the border nodes. The method further includes receiving a request from a source to connect to an external endpoint. After deriving an external endpoint identifier and source parameters, the method additionally includes establishing at least one connection between the source and the external endpoint via border node(s) that are selected from the map entries based at least in part on the source parameters, the external endpoint identifier, and characteristics of the border node(s) with their site and virtual network identifier(s) along the at least one connection.

A control system enables re-registration of user equipment (UE) on an alternative network in the event of a partial failure of a network (VPLMN) for wireless communication. An access and mobility management function (AMF) manages the communication to user equipment (UE) via network slices (1,2,3). A slice priority management function (SPM) receives data indicative of a change in the network's ability to maintain the instantiated network slices and determines to reduce services via affected network slices. Before said slice reduction, the access and mobility management function is informed and sends a slice reduction message to the user equipment. In the UE an alternate network selection function (ANSF) receives the slice reduction message and selects an alternate network based on the user information (USIM) and the slice reduction information, and triggers registration on the selected alternate network for transferring at least part of the affected services to a network slice of the selected alternate network.

A method of processing packets propagated over a packet switched communications network having a control plane, user plane, and a plurality of probes, the method comprising: receiving at least one control plane packet associated with creating at least one user session in the network; selecting a set of user sessions from the at least one user session; determining at least one target feature that characterizes packets propagated over the network; and load balancing all packets sharing the at least one target feature that belong to a same user session of the set of user sessions to a same probe of the plurality of probes for processing by the probe.

A method of communication in a vehicle network is provided. An example method includes transmitting a network allocation map in a TDMA cycle, indicating reservation of time slots in the TDMA cycle. The method further includes transmitting a synchronization signal in the TDMA cycle, to synchronize the timing of nodes in the vehicle network. Each of the reserved time slots is identified by at least a network ID of a transmitting node in the vehicle network, and a slot type comprising one of a low latency traffic slot, and a bulk traffic slot. Further, the low latency traffic slots are repeated in the TDMA cycle at least as frequently as a guaranteed QoS latency parameter. Further, the bulk traffic slots are at least as long as a guaranteed QoS throughput parameter.

Apparatus and associated methods relate to selection of an operating baud rate for a building automation system that communicates over a Master-Slave Token-Passing (MS/TP) BACnet. A server (or router or gateway) connected to the MS/TP BACnet is programmed to iteratively select operating baud rates from a series of available operating baud rates. Each iteration, the server broadcasts a frame indicating baud rate selection to a plurality of building automation devices connected to a MS/TP BACnet. Each of the plurality of building automation devices connected to the MS/TP BACnet then iteratively sets its baud rate so as to match the baud rate selected by the server. The server monitors communications conducted over the MS/TP BACnet so as to determine reliability or unreliability of the communications conducted over the MS/TP BACnet using the baud rates iteratively selected. A highest reliable baud rate is then used by the building automation system.

A priority control apparatus includes: load information acquisition part which acquires communication load information per priority at relay apparatus that controls allocation of communication resources relative to individual communication depending on a priority that is set for the individual communication between two or more communication apparatuses; communication quality acquisition part which acquires communication quality as to control target communication; and priority control part which calculates a first priority, with which communication quality as to the control target communication can satisfy a predetermined condition, by using a mathematical model that indicates a relationship between a piece of communication load information before a priority as to the control target communication is set as the first priority and a communication quality when the priority as to the control target communication concerned is set as the first priority, and which sets the calculated first priority as the priority of the control target communication concerned.

Device group partitions and a settlement platform are provided. In some embodiments, device group partitions (e.g., partitions of devices based on associated device groups) are provided. In some embodiments, a settlement platform service is provided. In some embodiments, a settlement platform service is provided for partitioned devices. In some embodiments, collecting device generated service usage information for one or more devices in wireless communication on a wireless network; and aggregating the device generated service usage information for a settlement platform for the one or more devices in wireless communication on the wireless network is provided. In some embodiments, a settlement platform implements a service billing allocation and/or a service/transactional revenue share among one or more partners. In some embodiments, service usage information includes micro-CDRs, which are used for CDR mediation or reconciliation that provides for service usage accounting on any device activity that is desired. In some embodiments, each device activity that is desired to be associated with a billing event is assigned a micro-CDR transaction code, and a service processor of the device is programmed to account for that activity associated with that transaction code. In some embodiments, a service processor executing on a wireless communications device periodically reports (e.g., during each heartbeat or based on any other periodic, push, and/or pull communication technique(s)) micro-CDR usage measures to, for example, a service controller or some other network element for CDR mediation or reconciliation.

A method for dynamically allocating server resources includes receiving a request from a client system, wherein the request comprises a request for a first set of streaming data, providing from the server to the client system a first portion of streaming data from the first set of streaming data, wherein the first portion is associated with a first quality of service level, receiving user activity data from the client system for the first portion of the streaming data, determining a second quality of service level for a second portion of the streaming data from the first set of streaming data, providing from the server to the client system the second portion of streaming data from the first set of streaming data, wherein the second portion provided with the second quality of service level, and wherein the first quality of service level is different from the second quality of service level.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for modifying a data connection. One apparatus (500) includes a processor (505), a first interface supporting (705) a first data connection with a 5G core network over a first access and a second interface that communicates with a UE over a second access. The processor (505) receives (710) a request to establish a second data connection with the UE and determines (715) whether the second data connection can be mapped into one of a plurality of QoS flows established over the first data connection. The processor (505) sends (720) a request to establish a new QoS flow over the first data connection upon determining that the second data connection cannot be mapped into an existing QoS flow of the first data connection and relays (725) traffic between the second data connection and the new QoS flow over the first data connection.