A reliability evaluating method for a multi-state flow network and a system thereof are presented. The method includes following steps: finding candidate path sets included in the multi-state flow network; converting the candidate path sets into candidate path values according to a prime number function; removing the repeated candidate path values to keep the corresponded candidate path sets as the non-repeated minimal path; calculating the reliability of the multi-state flow network based on the data flow and data load of the minimal path sets.

An endpoint group (EPG) can be stretched between the sites so that endpoints at different sites can be assigned to the same stretched EPG. Because the sites can use different bridge domains when establishing the stretched EPGs, the first time a site transmits a packet to an endpoint in a different site, the site learns or discovers a path to the destination endpoint. The site can use BGP to identify the site with the host and use a multicast tunnel to reach the site. A unicast tunnel can be used to transmit future packets to the destination endpoint. Additionally, a stretched EPG can be segmented to form a micro-stretched EPG. Filtering criteria can be used to identify a subset of the endpoints in the stretched EPG that are then assigned to the micro-stretched EPG, which can have different policies than the stretched EPG.

Disclosed are examples of systems, apparatus, devices, computer program products, and methods implementing aspects of a decentralized content fabric. In some implementations, one or more processors are configured to provide fabric nodes of an overlay network, including one or more fabric nodes that receive a client's request to access digital content on the overlay network. The request includes an authorization token digitally signed by or on behalf of a user of the client. The fabric node(s) extract a user identifier (ID) from the authorization token, then determine that one or more rules maintained on the overlay network are satisfied. The one or more rules condition access to the digital content upon the extracted user ID matching an ID associated with an owner of a digital instrument. The digital instrument, which can be a non-fungible token, is stored in a blockchain ledger as a unique representation of the digital content.

Disclosed are examples of systems, apparatus, devices, computer program products, and methods implementing aspects of a decentralized content fabric. In some implementations, one or more processors are configured to execute a software stack to define a fabric node of a plurality of fabric nodes of an overlay network situated in an application layer differentiated from an internet protocol layer. The defined fabric node is configured to: obtain a request for digital content from a client device; obtain, from one or more of the plurality of fabric nodes, a plurality of content object parts of a content object representing, in the overlay network, at least a portion of the digital content; generate consumable media using: raw data stored in the content object parts, metadata stored in the content object parts, and build instructions stored in the content object parts; and provide the consumable media to the client device. In some instances, the consumable media is further generated using a digital contract stored in a blockchain.

An endpoint group (EPG) can be stretched between the sites so that endpoints at different sites can be assigned to the same stretched EPG. Because the sites can use different bridge domains when establishing the stretched EPGs, the first time a site transmits a packet to an endpoint in a different site, the site learns or discovers a path to the destination endpoint. The site can use BGP to identify the site with the host and use a multicast tunnel to reach the site. A unicast tunnel can be used to transmit future packets to the destination endpoint. Additionally, a stretched EPG can be segmented to form a micro-stretched EPG. Filtering criteria can be used to identify a subset of the endpoints in the stretched EPG that are then assigned to the micro-stretched EPG, which can have different policies than the stretched EPG.

Disclosed are examples of systems, apparatus, devices, computer program products, and methods implementing aspects of a decentralized content fabric. In some implementations, one or more processors are configured to provide fabric nodes of a network, including a first fabric node receiving a client request to perform one or more actions with respect to digital content corresponding to a plurality of content object parts maintained in the network. A lookup is performed on a blockchain ledger in a first blockchain to locate a digital instrument cryptographically linked to a user identifier (ID) of an owner of the digital content. The first fabric node grants the client request based on determining that a user ID associated with the client request matches the user ID of the owner of the digital content. The one or more actions are then performed through a blockchain transaction in the first blockchain or another blockchain.

A method for managing a connection apparatus and a connection apparatus are disclosed. In an embodiment the connection apparatus includes a first connector configured to be connected to a service processing unit, a second connector configured to be connected to a first switching unit, a third connector configured to be connected to a second switching unit, wherein the third connector is further configured to be disconnected from the second switching unit and connected to the first switching unit. The apparatus further comprises a first transmission medium, a second transmission medium, one end of the first transmission medium being directly connected to the first connector, one end of the second transmission medium being directly connected to the first connector, another end of the first transmission medium being directly connected to the second connector, and another end of the second transmission medium being directly connected to the third connector.

A virtual network device includes several different virtual network device sub-units, which collectively operate as a single logical network device. An interface bundle includes interfaces in more than one of the different virtual network device sub-units included in the virtual network device. The interface bundle is coupled to a virtual link bundle, which connects the virtual network device to another device. The interface bundle is managed as a single logical interface.

An endpoint group (EPG) can be stretched between the sites so that endpoints at different sites can be assigned to the same stretched EPG. Because the sites can use different bridge domains when establishing the stretched EPGs, the first time a site transmits a packet to an endpoint in a different site, the site learns or discovers a path to the destination endpoint. The site can use BGP to identify the site with the host and use a multicast tunnel to reach the site. A unicast tunnel can be used to transmit future packets to the destination endpoint. Additionally, a stretched EPG can be segmented to form a micro-stretched EPG. Filtering criteria can be used to identify a subset of the endpoints in the stretched EPG that are then assigned to the micro-stretched EPG, which can have different policies than the stretched EPG.

Disclosed are examples of systems, apparatus, devices, computer program products, and methods implementing aspects of a decentralized content fabric. In some implementations, one or more processors are configured to execute a software stack to define a fabric node of a plurality of fabric nodes of an overlay network situated in an application layer differentiated from an internet protocol layer. The defined fabric node is configured to: obtain a request for digital content from a client device; obtain, from one or more of the plurality of fabric nodes, a plurality of content object parts of a content object representing, in the overlay network, at least a portion of the digital content; generate consumable media using: raw data stored in the content object parts, metadata stored in the content object parts, and build instructions stored in the content object parts; and provide the consumable media to the client device. In some instances, the consumable media is further generated using a digital contract stored in a blockchain.