A method of multicasting packets by a forwarding element that includes several packet replicators and several egress pipelines. Each packet replicator receives a data structure associated with a multicast packet that identifies a multicast group. Each packet replicator identifies a first physical egress port of a first egress pipeline for sending the multicast packet to a member of the multicast group. The first physical egress port is a member of LAG. Each packet replicator determines that the first physical egress port is not operational and identifies a second physical port in the LAG for sending the multicast packet to the member of the multicast group. When a packet replicator is connected to the same egress pipeline as the second physical egress, the packet replicator provides the identification of the second physical egress port to the egress pipeline to send the packet to the multicast member. Otherwise the packet replicator drops the packet.

In an example, a node in a network includes four ports coupled to respective nodes via respective links. A first port and a third port are coupled to respective nodes via respective near links and a second port and a fourth port are coupled to respective nodes via respective skip links. The node further includes at least one processor configured to send a first message in a first direction via the second port, and the first message includes a first destination address that corresponds to the second side of the node. The at least one processor is further configured to send a second message in a second direction via the fourth port, and the second message includes a second destination address that corresponds to the first side of the node.

In an example, a method includes forming a first self-checking pair including a self-checking node and a first node adjacent to the self-checking node in a network. The method further includes forming a second self-checking pair including the self-checking node and a second node adjacent to the self-checking node in the network, wherein the self-checking node is between the first node and the second node. The method further includes transmitting a first paired broadcast with the first self-checking pair and transmitting a second paired broadcast with the second self-checking pair.

A reliable high-throughput data transmission may be accomplished using a multi-path message distribution and a message reassembly with a forward error correction protection. An incoming flow of data from a source is received at an input parser. The incoming flow of data is divided into a plurality of packets by the input parser. The plurality of the packets is encoded with a FEC and transmitted over a network with a plurality of transmission links. The transmitted plurality of FEC encoded packets are decoded. The decoded plurality of packets is merged to an outgoing flow of data with an output multiplexor and the outgoing flow of data is sent to a destination.

Techniques for managing configuration of virtual switches in a virtual machine network are disclosed. In an embodiment, a virtual machine network that includes virtual switches is configured to revert back to a saved network configuration if a configuration change causes the connection between the VM management system and a managed node to be lost. For example, before any configuration changes are made, the active configuration is saved. If the new configuration supports a working connection between the managed node and the VM management system, then the saved configuration is no longer needed and can be flushed from memory. If, however, the new configuration causes the managed node to be disconnected from the VM management system, then the system reverts back to the saved configuration that was previously known to work. The saved configuration is used to reestablish the connection so that the network continues to function.

A method of handling QoS flow descriptions with invalid EPS bearer context is proposed. During an EPS bearer activation or modification procedure, a UE may receive an ePCO/PCO IE for creating a new QoS flow description or modifying an existing QoS flow description. if UE detects that the to be created/modified QoS flow descriptions are associated with invalid EPS bearer context, then UE does, not create/modify the QoS flow descriptions. Instead, UE locally deletes the QoS flow descriptions provided by the network. In addition, UE indicates a 5GSM cause to the network via PCO/ePCO. As a result, when inter-system change from EPS to 5GS happens, UE no longer needs to handle the QoS flow descriptions with invalid EPS bearer context.

[Problem] Connection between a centralized control apparatus and a group of transfer apparatuses can be prevented from having a single point of failure. Traffic can be distributed among a plurality of paths. A bypass path is selected when a failure occurs in a switch cluster.

[Solution] Transfer apparatuses 61a to 61d perform communications for path control with a centralized control apparatus 73 that performs centralized control from the outside of a switch cluster including the group of transfer apparatuses, through a path similar to D-plane (main signal). A packet flow controller 87 serving as a separation unit that separates a packet for the inside of the cluster 61 and a packet for the outside of the cluster transmitted through the similar path from each other, and an internal route engine 85 that performs path control of obtaining a path for freely passing through a plurality of paths in the cluster are provided. The packet flow controller 87 separates a path control packet for the inside of the cluster, and the engine 85 performs, when a failure to communicate the path control packet for the inside thus separated occurs, path control of generating a path that bypasses a path with the failure.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method, an apparatus, an electronic device and a computer readable storage medium for determining connection relationships among a plurality of chips. The method includes determining identity information of a plurality of chips managed by a host, the plurality of chips being connected by respective inter-chip communication interfaces for inter-chip communication. The method further includes allowing one or more of the plurality of chips to acquire identity information of other chips connected to the inter-chip communication interface of the one or more chips. The method further includes reading identity information of the other chips by means of a management interface of the one or more chips with regard to communicating with the host, so as to determine connection relationships among the plurality of chips.

A packet recovery transmits N requests for retransmission of the transmitted packet to the sender node at N scheduled times upon determining satisfaction of a packet recovery condition associated with a transmitted packet from a sender node at a receiver node. At least one of the N scheduled times includes a receiver waiting time. M retransmissions of the transmitted packet from sender node at M scheduled times is performed upon the first receipt of a request for retransmission of the transmitted packet. At least one of the M scheduled times includes a sender waiting time. N and M are non-zero positive integers, and at least one of N or M is greater than one.

A compact router with redundancy includes embodiments having main and backup crosspoint switching devices wherein one of the switching devices is removable from a main circuit board via a quick disconnect means such as an electrical connector.