An improved method of hierarchical output queueing of packets for a network scheduler of a network gateway that determines delays needed to conform to applicable rate shaping, and enqueues the packets based on the delay. Queues are associated with different classes of service (CoS), and within each class, each queue has a different scheduled time upon which it becomes available for dequeuing. A single set of CoS queues can support a large number of devices, improving the efficiency of software-based queuing by reducing the number of queues and simplifying queue polling.

Described embodiments provide systems and methods for path selection proportional to a penalty delay in processing packets. A server-side intermediary may identify a delay penalty for processing packets of a server destined for a client. The server-side intermediary may be in communication via links of different latencies with a client-side intermediary. The server-side intermediary may select a second link with a latency that deviates from the lowest latency of a first link by the delay penalty. The server-side intermediary may transmit, to the client-side intermediary, duplicates of the packets via the selected second link with information indicating to hold the duplicates at the client-side intermediary. The server-side intermediary may receive an indication to drop or send the duplicates to the client. The server-side intermediary may transmit the indication to the client-side intermediary to drop or send the duplicates according to the indication.

Described embodiments provide systems and methods for path selection proportional to a penalty delay in processing packets. A server-side intermediary may identify a delay penalty for processing packets of a server destined for a client. The server-side intermediary may be in communication via links of different latencies with a client-side intermediary. The server-side intermediary may select a second link with a latency that deviates from the lowest latency of a first link by the delay penalty. The server-side intermediary may transmit, to the client-side intermediary, duplicates of the packets via the selected second link with information indicating to hold the duplicates at the client-side intermediary. The server-side intermediary may receive an indication to drop or send the duplicates to the client. The server-side intermediary may transmit the indication to the client-side intermediary to drop or send the duplicates according to the indication.

Described is a low latency re-timer for systems supporting spread spectrum clocking. The re-timer comprises: a first clock frequency estimator to estimate a frequency of a receive clock (RX CLK) and to provide a first timestamp associated with a first clock that underwent spread spectrum; a second clock frequency estimator to estimate a frequency of a transmit clock (TX CLK) and to provide a second timestamp associated with a second clock that underwent spread spectrum; and a comparator to compare the first timestamp with the second timestamp.

According to an embodiment, an information processing apparatus includes a prefetch unit and a scheduler unit. The prefetch unit is configured to prefetch a scheduling entry corresponding a future time period in advance from scheduling information including one or more entries each of which at least contains a transmission state and interval for each of one or more transmission queues. The scheduler unit configured to determine a starting time of transmission for each frame waiting for transmission in each queue, on the basis of the prefetched entry.

In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, disclosed is a method and an apparatus thereof for removing jitter introduced by a packet switched network. Each received audio frame comprises a primary portion and a redundancy portion. The redundancy portion comprises a partial redundant copy of a previous frame that is offset by k frames. If a frame n is lost, a frame n+k that comprises the partial redundant copy of the lost frame n, is located in a jitter buffer. Based on the frame n+k, a substitute frame n substituting the lost frame n is created and a substitution indicator of the substitute frame n is set to indicate that the redundancy portion of the substitute fame n should be used in decoding.

A signal routing circuit is disclosed which employs resistive combiners to reduce signal jitter. A signal routing circuit configured according to an embodiment comprises an input stage including a plurality of buffer circuits. Each of the buffer circuits is controlled by a selection signal to enable an input signal at an input port of the buffer circuit to generate an output signal at an output port of the buffer circuit. The signal routing circuit also includes a plurality of resistors to couple the output port of each of the buffer circuits of the input stage to a summing junction. The signal routing circuit further includes an output stage including an additional buffer circuit. The input port of the additional buffer circuit is coupled to the summing junction, and the output port of the additional buffer circuit is configured to provide the routed output signal based on the selection signals.

A real-time Ethernet (RTE) protocol includes start-up frames originated by a master device for network initialization including a preamble, destination address (DA), source address (SA), a type field, and a status field including state information that indicates a current protocol state that the Ethernet network is in for the slave devices to translate for dynamically switching to one of a plurality of provided frame forwarding modes. The start-up frames include device Discovery frames at power up, Parameterization frames that distribute network parameters, and Time Synchronization frames including the master's time and unique assigned communication time slots for each slave device. After the initialization at least one data exchange frame is transmitted exclusive of SA and DA including a preamble that comprises a header that differentiates between master and slave, a type field, a status field excluding the current protocol state, and a data payload.

A transmission system includes a calculation unit 251 that calculates a jitter pattern sequence of a plurality of packets transmitted by a transmission device 1 via a network using a transmission interval of the plurality of packets and a difference between arrival times at which the packets arrive at a reception device 2, a generation unit 252 that inputs the jitter pattern sequence to a first learning model 254 to generate a state index indicating a state of the network, and a buffer estimation unit 26 that determines a buffer size of a reception buffer 23 of the reception device 2 based on the state index.

A transmission system includes a calculation unit 251 that calculates a jitter pattern sequence of a plurality of packets transmitted by a transmission device 1 via a network using a transmission interval of the plurality of packets and a difference between arrival times at which the packets arrive at a reception device 2, a generation unit 252 that inputs the jitter pattern sequence to a first learning model 254 to generate a state index indicating a state of the network, and a buffer estimation unit 26 that determines a buffer size of a reception buffer 23 of the reception device 2 based on the state index.