A 5G communication system or pre-5G communication system for supporting a higher data rate than that of a beyond 4G communication system such as an LTE is provided. A method by an apparatus for controlling buffers in a wireless communication system comprises storing information related to a packet in at least one of a first buffer or a second buffer, transmitting data generated based on the packet, and, when an acknowledgement signal is received for the data, discarding the information.

Data-driven intelligent networking systems and methods are provided. The system can accommodate dynamic traffic with fast, effective flow control of individual applications and traffic flows in conjunction with an end host. The system can maintain state information of individual packet flows, which can be set up or released dynamically based on injected data. Each flow can be provided with a flow-specific input queue upon arriving at a switch. Packets of a respective flow can be acknowledged after reaching the egress point of the network, and the acknowledgement packets can be sent back to the ingress point of the flow along the same data path. As a result, an ingress edge switch can perform fine grain flow control of individual sources of the flows residing on an end host.

Data-driven intelligent networking systems and methods are provided. The system can accommodate dynamic traffic with fast, effective flow control of individual applications and traffic flows in conjunction with an end host. The system can maintain state information of individual packet flows, which can be set up or released dynamically based on injected data. Each flow can be provided with a flow-specific input queue upon arriving at a switch. Packets of a respective flow can be acknowledged after reaching the egress point of the network, and the acknowledgement packets can be sent back to the ingress point of the flow along the same data path. As a result, an ingress edge switch can perform fine grain flow control of individual sources of the flows residing on an end host.

A data-driven intelligent networking system that can facilitate tracing of data flow packets is provided. The system add tracer packets to data flow packets arriving at an ingress point of the network. As the tracer packets progress through network in-band with the data flow packets, the system can copy, at each switch, trace data into pre-defined fields in the tracer packets. When the data flow packets arrive at an egress point of the network the system can separate the trace data from the data flow packet for analysis. Based on the analysis of the trace data, the system can adopt one or more policies to mitigate the impact of congestion on time-sensitive applications.

A data-driven intelligent networking system that can facilitate tracing of data flow packets is provided. The system add tracer packets to data flow packets arriving at an ingress point of the network. As the tracer packets progress through network in-band with the data flow packets, the system can copy, at each switch, trace data into pre-defined fields in the tracer packets. When the data flow packets arrive at an egress point of the network the system can separate the trace data from the data flow packet for analysis. Based on the analysis of the trace data, the system can adopt one or more policies to mitigate the impact of congestion on time-sensitive applications.

When a measure of buffer space queued for garbage collection in a network device grows beyond a certain threshold, one or more actions are taken to decreasing an enqueue rate of certain classes of traffic, such as of multicast traffic, whose reception may have caused and/or be likely to exacerbate garbage-collection-related performance issues. When the amount of buffer space queued for garbage collection shrinks to an acceptable level, these one or more actions may be reversed. In an embodiment, to more optimally handle multi-destination traffic, queue admission control logic for high-priority multi-destination data units, such as mirrored traffic, may be performed for each destination of the data units prior to linking the data units to a replication queue. If a high-priority multi-destination data unit is admitted to any queue, the high-priority multi-destination data unit can no longer be dropped, and is linked to a replication queue for replication.

When a measure of buffer space queued for garbage collection in a network device grows beyond a certain threshold, one or more actions are taken to decreasing an enqueue rate of certain classes of traffic, such as of multicast traffic, whose reception may have caused and/or be likely to exacerbate garbage-collection-related performance issues. When the amount of buffer space queued for garbage collection shrinks to an acceptable level, these one or more actions may be reversed. In an embodiment, to more optimally handle multi-destination traffic, queue admission control logic for high-priority multi-destination data units, such as mirrored traffic, may be performed for each destination of the data units prior to linking the data units to a replication queue. If a high-priority multi-destination data unit is admitted to any queue, the high-priority multi-destination data unit can no longer be dropped, and is linked to a replication queue for replication.

Systems and methods are provided for on the fly routing of data transmissions in the presence of errors. Switches can establish flow channels corresponding to flows in the network. In response to encountering a critical error on a network link along a transmission path, a switch can generate an error acknowledgement. The switch can transmit the error acknowledgements to ingress ports upstream from the network link via the plurality of flow channels. By transmitting the error acknowledgement, it indicates that the network link where the critical error was encountered is a failed link to ingress ports upstream from the failed link. Subsequently, each ingress port upstream from the failed link can dynamically update the path of the plurality of flows that are upstream from the failed link such that the plurality of flows that are upstream from the failed link are routed in a manner that avoids the failed link.

Systems and methods are provided for on the fly routing of data transmissions in the presence of errors. Switches can establish flow channels corresponding to flows in the network. In response to encountering a critical error on a network link along a transmission path, a switch can generate an error acknowledgement. The switch can transmit the error acknowledgements to ingress ports upstream from the network link via the plurality of flow channels. By transmitting the error acknowledgement, it indicates that the network link where the critical error was encountered is a failed link to ingress ports upstream from the failed link. Subsequently, each ingress port upstream from the failed link can dynamically update the path of the plurality of flows that are upstream from the failed link such that the plurality of flows that are upstream from the failed link are routed in a manner that avoids the failed link.

A network interface includes a processor, memory, and a cache between the processor and the memory. The processor secures a plurality of buffers for storing transfer data in the memory, and manages an allocation order of available buffers of the plurality of buffers. The processor returns a buffer released after data transfer to a position before a predetermined position of the allocation order.