The subject technology provides an in-place encoding of a network identifier that compresses the network identifier without mapping the network identifier to a another server or service, such as URL shortening service. The network identifier may be compressed using segmented encoding operations that segment the network identifier, and encode the characters of the network identifier using a first set of encoding operations for a first portion of the network identifier and a second set of encoding operations for a second portion of the network identifier. Template encoding may also be provided for network identifiers that conform to a predefined template format.

The present application describes a system and method for passively collecting DNS traffic data as that data is passed between a recursive DNS resolver and an authoritative DNS server. The information contained in the collected DNS traffic data is used to generate a virtual authoritative DNS server, or a zone associated with the authoritative DNS server, when it is determined that the authoritative DNS server has been compromised.

A method and system for generating a digital document on a receiving mobile device from limited data that is transmitted to the device is disclosed. A shortened form of Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is sent and expanded to a longer URL that contains presentation data. The presentation data may include further nested shortened URLs to retrieve digital document components. Condensing techniques for transferring both presentation and location data further reduce transmission size. The combined retrieved data defines the content and presentation of a generated digital document.

The present disclosure provides a generating method and a system for redirecting URL, a redirecting server, a resolving method and a system for resolving a domain-name resolution request, a DNS server, a 302 redirecting method that supports HTTPS, and a network system. A client terminal sends a first HTTP request. The redirecting server specifies a content server, convert an IP address of the content server to a prefix of a redirecting domain name, uses a service domain name as a suffix of the redirecting domain name, combines the redirecting domain name and a URL in the first HTTP to form the redirecting URL, and sends the redirecting URL to the client terminal. The client terminal requests for resolving of the redirecting domain name. The DNS server recognizes a domain name in the domain-name resolution request and performs an inverse converting on the prefix of the redirecting domain name to obtain an IP address of the content server and sends the IP address of the content server to the client terminal. The client terminal sends a second HTTP request containing the redirecting URL to the content server; and sends an IP generated by resolving and in correspondence of the first HTTP request to the client terminal.

The disclosed system and methods herein are directed to a URL shortening service. The URL shortening service herein processes short URL links by using special scripts embedded into website HTML documents. The need to perform manipulations with DNS of the domain or use subdomains are obviated.

The subject technology provides an in-place encoding of a network identifier that compresses the network identifier without mapping the network identifier to a another server or service, such as URL shortening service. The network identifier may be compressed using segmented encoding operations that segment the network identifier, and encode the characters of the network identifier using a first set of encoding operations for a first portion of the network identifier and a second set of encoding operations for a second portion of the network identifier. Template encoding may also be provided for network identifiers that conform to a predefined template format.

The subject technology provides an in-place encoding of a network identifier that compresses the network identifier without mapping the network identifier to a another server or service, such as URL shortening service. The network identifier may be compressed using segmented encoding operations that segment the network identifier, and encode the characters of the network identifier using a first set of encoding operations for a first portion of the network identifier and a second set of encoding operations for a second portion of the network identifier. Template encoding may also be provided for network identifiers that conform to a predefined template format.

A method for processing a cloud service in a cloud system, wherein the cloud system includes a hosted cloud, an allied cloud, and an alliance management apparatus, wherein the hosted cloud includes a first region, the allied cloud includes a second region, the hosted cloud further provides a virtual region for a user, and the virtual region is mapped by the second region on the hosted cloud. The alliance management apparatus enables a user of the hosted cloud to obtain unified experience when the user accesses the first region and the virtual region in the cloud system, for example, unified experience in control interface access, and unified experience in application programming interface (API) access.

Systems and methods are described for the generation of domain names that may be associated with a particular user device and may be encrypted to obfuscate the domain names of content requested by the user device.

A method by one or more network devices communicatively coupled to a web application layer proxy for profiling parameters of web application layer requests received by the web application layer proxy while preserving privacy. The method includes obtaining masked parameter values associated with a parameter in the web application layer requests, where the masked parameter values associated with the parameter are generated by the web application layer proxy based on masking parameter values associated with the parameter while preserving lengths of the parameter values associated with the parameter and character types of characters in the parameter values associated with the parameter, generating the profile of the parameter based on analyzing the masked parameter values associated with the parameter, and providing the profile of the parameter to the web application layer proxy.