Techniques are presented herein for providing a persistent external Internet Protocol (IP) address for extra-cluster services. One example involves initiating, in a cluster, a first pod with a label that identifies a service. The first pod is configured to provide the service to one or more network entities outside the cluster. The first pod is assigned an IP address configured for communicating outside the cluster. A mapping of the service to the IP address is stored. In response to a determination that the service has been disrupted, a second pod is initiated in the cluster with the label that identifies the service. The second pod is configured to provide the service to the one or more network entities outside the cluster. Based on the mapping and the label that identifies the service, the IP address is assigned to the second pod.

The present application discloses a method and an apparatus for binding a network card in a multi-network card server, an electronic device and a computer readable storage medium. The method comprises: acquiring a target address of a target server, wherein a connection between the target server and the multi-network card server is to be established; querying an IP address library according to the target address to determine an operator to which the target address belongs, wherein the IP address library records a correspondence between IP addresses and operators; selecting a network card, according to the determined operator to which the target address belongs, corresponding to the determined operator from a plurality of network cards in the multi-network card server; and binding the selected network card to establish the connection between the multi-network card server and the target server. On the premise of avoiding the inter-operator connection, the present application realizes binding the corresponding network card to enable the automatic connection between the multi-network card server and the target server.

A method including receiving, at a first VPN server during an established VPN connection, a first data request and a second data request from a user device; transmitting, by the first VPN server during the established VPN connection, the first data request to a second VPN server and the second data request to a third VPN server; receiving, by the first VPN server from the second VPN server during the established VPN connection, first data associated with the first data request; and receiving, by the first VPN server from the third VPN server during the established VPN connection, second data associated with the second data request, the second exit IP address being different from the first exit IP address. Various other aspects are contemplated.

A method including receiving, at a first VPN server during an established VPN connection, a first data request and a second data request from a user device; transmitting, by the first VPN server during the established VPN connection, the first data request to a second VPN server and the second data request to a third VPN server; receiving, by the first VPN server from the second VPN server during the established VPN connection, first data associated with the first data request; and receiving, by the first VPN server from the third VPN server during the established VPN connection, second data associated with the second data request, the second exit IP address being different from the first exit IP address. Various other aspects are contemplated.

An approach includes providing support multi-tenancy support on a DHCP protocol. The approach includes receiving a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) packet, inserting a tenant-specific option information within the DHCP packet, and transmitting the DHCP packet with the tenant-specific option information.

An approach includes providing support multi-tenancy support on a DHCP protocol. The approach includes receiving a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) packet, inserting a tenant-specific option information within the DHCP packet, and transmitting the DHCP packet with the tenant-specific option information.

A network fabric deployment system includes a fabric deployment management system that is coupled to a DHCP server. The fabric deployment management system generates a cloud-based network fabric that is based on a network fabric topology file and that includes a plurality of cloud-based networking devices that are assigned a physical networking device identifier that identifies a corresponding physical networking device. The fabric deployment management system configures and validates each of the plurality of cloud-based networking devices causing each physical networking device identifier being mapped to an IP address at the DHCP server and then retrieves a deployment image file from each of the plurality of cloud-based networking devices that have been configured and validated, and stores each of the deployment image files in a database in association with the physical networking device identifier such that the corresponding physical networking device boots from that deployment image file.

Systems and methods described herein provide a high availability DHCP server capable of serving multiple tenants in a data center. The DHCP server may use a different logical DHCP server instance for each tenant, and may be implemented as one process without the use of namespaces. A DHCP server is executed on a gateway virtual machine (VM) that is capable of hosting a plurality of logical DHCP servers. For each tenant in a data center, a logical network and a corresponding logical DHCP server instance are implemented. The DHCP server may service requests for DHCP services from VMs via their physical host by determining the tenant that the VM originates from and leasing a DHCP resource from that tenant's corresponding logical DHCP server instance.

Systems and methods described herein provide a high availability DHCP server capable of serving multiple tenants in a data center. The DHCP server may use a different logical DHCP server instance for each tenant, and may be implemented as one process without the use of namespaces. A DHCP server is executed on a gateway virtual machine (VM) that is capable of hosting a plurality of logical DHCP servers. For each tenant in a data center, a logical network and a corresponding logical DHCP server instance are implemented. The DHCP server may service requests for DHCP services from VMs via their physical host by determining the tenant that the VM originates from and leasing a DHCP resource from that tenant's corresponding logical DHCP server instance.

Techniques are provided that rotate a device address used to identify a wireless client device on a wireless network. The wireless client device and at least one network infrastructure component identify a plurality of device addresses associated with the wireless client device. In some embodiments, the plurality of device addresses are generated via a corresponding plurality of invocations of a stateful random number generator, such as a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator.