Edge clusters execute in a plurality of regional clouds of a cloud computing platforms, which may include cloud POPs. Edge clusters may be programmed to control access to applications executing in the cloud computing platform. Edge clusters and an intelligent routing module route traffic to applications executing in the cloud computing platform. Cost and latency may be managed by the intelligent routing module by routing requests over the Internet or a cloud backbone network and using or bypassing cloud POPs. The placement of edge clusters may be selected according to measured or estimated latency. Latency may be estimated using speed test servers and the locations of speed test servers may be verified.

A device may identify network interfaces of the device and may create a list of the network interfaces of the device. The device may receive a cell site name associated with the device and may generate dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) requests with a DHCP option that includes data identifying the cell site name and the network interfaces of the list. The device may broadcast the DHCP requests to one or more components that are connected, via connections, to the network interfaces, and may cause, based on broadcasting the DHCP requests to the one or more components, a user equipment to receive an indication of whether the connections to the network interfaces are valid.

A device may identify network interfaces of the device and may create a list of the network interfaces of the device. The device may receive a cell site name associated with the device and may generate dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) requests with a DHCP option that includes data identifying the cell site name and the network interfaces of the list. The device may broadcast the DHCP requests to one or more components that are connected, via connections, to the network interfaces, and may cause, based on broadcasting the DHCP requests to the one or more components, a user equipment to receive an indication of whether the connections to the network interfaces are valid.

A content distribution network includes a first server in communication with an anycast server that provides content via a unicast signal, and with a multicast server that provides the content via a multicast signal. The first server is configured to receive a list of source addresses associated with the content, and to provide a metadata file including an anycast Internet protocol address of the anycast server from the list of source addresses as an Internet protocol address of the content in response to a first request for the content. When the number of client devices requesting the content exceeds a first threshold, the first server receives an updated list of sources including a multicast Internet protocol address of a multicast server, and provides the multicast Internet protocol address of the multicast server as the Internet protocol address of the content in the metadata file.

A content distribution network includes a first server in communication with an anycast server that provides content via a unicast signal, and with a multicast server that provides the content via a multicast signal. The first server is configured to receive a list of source addresses associated with the content, and to provide a metadata file including an anycast Internet protocol address of the anycast server from the list of source addresses as an Internet protocol address of the content in response to a first request for the content. When the number of client devices requesting the content exceeds a first threshold, the first server receives an updated list of sources including a multicast Internet protocol address of a multicast server, and provides the multicast Internet protocol address of the multicast server as the Internet protocol address of the content in the metadata file.

A device may be configured to receive, process, forward, and/or respond to one or more resource queries. For example, the device may determine whether multiple queries are satisfied by a multicast response. The device may receive a first query and a second query directed to a resource, The first and the second query may comprise a structure proxy rule identifier (sPRID). The device may determine the similarity between the two queries. For example, the similarity determination may be based on the sPRID of the two queries. The device may determine whether a response that satisfies the first query also satisfies the second query, which may be based on a response to the first query and information comprised within the sPRID of the two queries. If the response satisfies both queries, the device may multicast the response.

In one embodiment, a method comprises: receiving, by a root network device providing a DAG topology in a low power and lossy network (LLN), one or more multicast registration messages from an LLN device and identifying distinct properties of the LLN device; receiving, by the root network device, one or more multicast address group identifiers of one or more multicast streams to which the LLN device has subscribed, and associating the one or more multicast address group identifiers with the distinct properties; receiving a multicast message specifying one of the multicast address group identifiers; and generating, by the root network device, a directed multicast message having a multi-dimensional addressing data structure comprising a selected one of the distinct properties and the one multicast address group identifier, causing parent network devices in the DAG topology to selectively retransmit based on determining a child network device has the selected one distinct property.

In one embodiment, a method comprises: receiving, by a root network device providing a DAG topology in a low power and lossy network (LLN), one or more multicast registration messages from an LLN device and identifying distinct properties of the LLN device; receiving, by the root network device, one or more multicast address group identifiers of one or more multicast streams to which the LLN device has subscribed, and associating the one or more multicast address group identifiers with the distinct properties; receiving a multicast message specifying one of the multicast address group identifiers; and generating, by the root network device, a directed multicast message having a multi-dimensional addressing data structure comprising a selected one of the distinct properties and the one multicast address group identifier, causing parent network devices in the DAG topology to selectively retransmit based on determining a child network device has the selected one distinct property.

A first network device associated with a network may establish an Internet protocol version 6 Multiprotocol BGP session with a second network device associated with the network. The first network device and second network device are both capable of forwarding both IPv4 and IPv6 packets with only an IPv6 address configured on the interface of both the first network device and second network device. The first network device may exchange Multiprotocol Reachability capability with second network device for corresponding 2-tuple Address Family Identifier/Subsequent Address Family Identifier. The first network device may advertise Internet protocol version 4 network layer reachability information and may advertise Internet protocol version 6 network layer reachability information with IPv6 extended next hop encoding using Internet Assigned Numbering Authority assigned capability code value 5 to second network device.

A first network device associated with a network may establish an Internet protocol version 6 Multiprotocol BGP session with a second network device associated with the network. The first network device and second network device are both capable of forwarding both IPv4 and IPv6 packets with only an IPv6 address configured on the interface of both the first network device and second network device. The first network device may exchange Multiprotocol Reachability capability with second network device for corresponding 2-tuple Address Family Identifier/Subsequent Address Family Identifier. The first network device may advertise Internet protocol version 4 network layer reachability information and may advertise Internet protocol version 6 network layer reachability information with IPv6 extended next hop encoding using Internet Assigned Numbering Authority assigned capability code value 5 to second network device.