A time-sensitive networking communication method and an apparatus, where the method may include: determining, by an application function network element, a virtual switching node identifier corresponding to a port identifier of a user plane function network element; determining a virtual port identifier of a virtual switching node identified by the virtual switching node identifier; obtaining attribute information of the virtual switching node, where the attribute information includes attribute information of a port identified by the port identifier of the user plane function network element and attribute information of a virtual port identified by the virtual port identifier; and sending the attribute information of the virtual switching node to a time-sensitive network, where the attribute information of the virtual switching node is used to request the time-sensitive network to register or update the virtual switching node based on the attribute information of the virtual switching node.

A time-sensitive networking communication method and an apparatus, where the method may include: determining, by an application function network element, a virtual switching node identifier corresponding to a port identifier of a user plane function network element; determining a virtual port identifier of a virtual switching node identified by the virtual switching node identifier; obtaining attribute information of the virtual switching node, where the attribute information includes attribute information of a port identified by the port identifier of the user plane function network element and attribute information of a virtual port identified by the virtual port identifier; and sending the attribute information of the virtual switching node to a time-sensitive network, where the attribute information of the virtual switching node is used to request the time-sensitive network to register or update the virtual switching node based on the attribute information of the virtual switching node.

A user plane function (UPF) node may receive a packet for traffic associated with a user equipment (UE). During packet classification, the UPF node may identify that a packet filter for the packet is not found in a packet filter set of an existing Quality of Service (QoS) Flow. In response, the UPF node may configure the packet filter in the packet filter set of the QoS Flow based on a flow tuple of the packet. The UPF node may send, to a control plane function node, a message which indicates a request for adding the flow tuple to the QoS Flow. The message may be for triggering communication of a message which indicates a session modification command for receipt by the UE, for adding an uplink packet filter that is based on the flow tuple for the QoS Flow.

Disclosed are a method for transmitting a sidelink signal encoded on the basis of a polar code, by a terminal in a wireless communication system supporting a sidelink according to various embodiments, and a device therefor. Disclosed are a method for transmitting a sidelink signal encoded on the basis of a polar code and a device therefor, the method comprising the steps of: mapping, to bit indices of a polar code, information bits of input information including information on a plurality of fields; encoding the mapped information bits on the basis of the polar code; and transmitting a sidelink signal including the encoded information bits, wherein information bits corresponding to a particular field among the plurality of fields are mapped to a bit index lower than a bit index to which the information bits corresponding to the remaining fields are mapped.

A method for operating a communication system, in which multiple communication units exchange data via a communication medium, the method including the following steps: shifting the communication system at least temporarily into a diagnostic operating mode, in which data exchanged by multiple, in particular, by all of the communication units via the communication medium are available on at least one of the multiple communication units and/or on at least one component of the communication medium.

A method for operating a communication system, in which multiple communication units exchange data via a communication medium, the method including the following steps: shifting the communication system at least temporarily into a diagnostic operating mode, in which data exchanged by multiple, in particular, by all of the communication units via the communication medium are available on at least one of the multiple communication units and/or on at least one component of the communication medium.

A system includes a plurality of line cards and a timing card. A clock generation circuit on the timing card generates a clock signal which is pulse width modulated according to information to be transmitted. A clock line supplies the pulse width modulated clock signal to the line cards. The timing card sends a first control word to the plurality of line cards over the clock line after sending a beacon. The first control word includes a size field specifying a first length of first data following the first control word. The timing card sends time of day information over the clock line to the line cards following the first control word. The time of day information may be encrypted. A second control word follows the time of day information. One or more additional control words can follow the second control word before the next beacon.

A system includes a plurality of line cards and a timing card. A clock generation circuit on the timing card generates a clock signal which is pulse width modulated according to information to be transmitted. A clock line supplies the pulse width modulated clock signal to the line cards. The timing card sends a first control word to the plurality of line cards over the clock line after sending a beacon. The first control word includes a size field specifying a first length of first data following the first control word. The timing card sends time of day information over the clock line to the line cards following the first control word. The time of day information may be encrypted. A second control word follows the time of day information. One or more additional control words can follow the second control word before the next beacon.

Mechanisms for split tunneling are provided. The mechanisms identify user devices and determine that communications for a first device of the user devices are to be tunneled. These mechanisms also receive a DNS request from a second device of the user devices, modify the DNS request to request meta information corresponding to a domain identified in the DNS request, and send the DNS request to a DNS server. The mechanisms further receive a response to the DNS request, wherein the response includes the meta information, determine that communications for the second device are not to be tunneled based at least in part on the meta information, and cause the communications for the first device to be tunneled and the communications for the second device to not be tunneled.

Mechanisms for split tunneling are provided. The mechanisms identify user devices and determine that communications for a first device of the user devices are to be tunneled. These mechanisms also receive a DNS request from a second device of the user devices, modify the DNS request to request meta information corresponding to a domain identified in the DNS request, and send the DNS request to a DNS server. The mechanisms further receive a response to the DNS request, wherein the response includes the meta information, determine that communications for the second device are not to be tunneled based at least in part on the meta information, and cause the communications for the first device to be tunneled and the communications for the second device to not be tunneled.