The invention discloses a MAC address synchronization method for synchronizing a MAC address of a WIFI module and an Ethernet module on a smart host, comprising the intelligent terminal acquires the MAC address of the WIFI module; the intelligent terminal sends the obtained MAC address to the control module through the WIFI module; the control module writes the received MAC address to the Ethernet module. The invention makes the Ethernet module have the same MAC address as the WIFI module. When the smart host accesses the cloud through the WIFI and the Ethernet respectively, the WIFI module and the Ethernet module have the same MAC address.

In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving traffic to send from a router to a host in the fabric edge network, wherein the fabric edge network comprises a plurality of switches and an inter-switch link (ISL); and sending the traffic from the router to the host via at least one of the switches based on the downlink connectivity of the host. Sending the traffic from the router to the host is performed without sending the traffic through the ISL. Sending the traffic from the router to the host comprises sending the traffic through the ISL when there is a link failure on a path between the router and the host.

The embodiment of the present application discloses a message sending method and a related device. The method comprises the following steps: parsing a domain name system (DNS) message to obtain the network domain name of the to-be-visited network in the DNS message; determining a target communication link in a plurality of connected communication links according to the network domain name; and sending the DNS message to a target DNS server through the target communication link. The embodiment of the present application is beneficial to improving the success rate of DNS message parsing when an electronic device communicates to a plurality of communication links.

Various embodiments describe methods, systems, and devices for deploying an application associated with a user-selected container on a home-network router. Exemplary implementations may include receiving, at the home-network router from a remote server, container acquisition data including configuration information and rules for downloading the user-selected container. Also, initiating, by the home-network router, operation of application logic of the user-selected container in response to downloading the user-selected container from a remote container registry. Further, updating, by the home-network router, a reverse proxy maintained in the home-network router through application logic, wherein the reverse proxy is configured to forward requests from operation of the user-selected container to one or more remote servers; transmitting, from the home-network router to a remote computing device, a notification that the application associated with the user-selected container is deployed.

Some embodiments provide a method for a managed forwarding element (MFE). At the MFE, the method receives a first packet from a particular tunnel endpoint. The first packet originates from a particular data compute node associated with multiple tunnel endpoints including the particular tunnel endpoint. Based on the first packet, the method stores an association of the particular tunnel endpoint with the particular data compute node. The method uses the stored association to encapsulate subsequent packets received at the MFE and having the particular data compute node as a destination address with the particular tunnel endpoint as a destination tunnel endpoint.

There is provided an apparatus, said apparatus comprising means for determining, at a first core network entity, an indication of domains supported on a data network, determining domain name system configuration information based at least on the indication of domains supported on the data network and providing the domain name system configuration information to a second core network entity.

Methods, apparatuses, systems, etc., directed to support provisioning domains (PvDs) in 5G networks are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, a network entity running a policy control function (PCF), may send to a wireless receive and transmit unit (WTRU) at least one WTRU route selection policy (URSP) rule associated with, for example, PvD descriptors. For example, URSP rules may be configured e.g., as part of the subscription profile and PvD descriptors may be configured e.g., as part of a network-wide configuration. An application function (AF) may use a network exposure function (NEF) application programming interface (API) to access and, for example, update, e.g. through any of NEF and PCF, any of URSP rules and PvD descriptors. According to embodiments, a WTRU may participate in a data network access identifier (DNAI) selection by including a PvD ID in, for example, PDU session establishment messages.

Some embodiments provide a method for a managed forwarding element (MFE). At the MFE, the method receives a first packet from a particular tunnel endpoint. The first packet originates from a particular data compute node associated with multiple tunnel endpoints including the particular tunnel endpoint. Based on the first packet, the method stores an association of the particular tunnel endpoint with the particular data compute node. The method uses the stored association to encapsulate subsequent packets received at the MFE and having the particular data compute node as a destination address with the particular tunnel endpoint as a destination tunnel endpoint.

A communication system including a first address notification apparatus provided in a first communication network, and a second address notification apparatus provided in a second communication network, wherein the first address notification apparatus includes means that receives an address request from a terminal that can communicate with the first address notification apparatus and with the second address notification apparatus, obtains a source address from the address request, and transmits a response including the source address to the terminal, and the second address notification apparatus includes means that receives an address request from the terminal, obtains a source address from the address request, and transmits a response including the source address to the terminal.

An electronic apparatus includes: a first communication circuit configured to perform wireless communication in a first mode; a second communication circuit configured to perform wireless communication with an access point in a second mode; and a processor configured to control the electronic apparatus to: obtain first identification information for a first mode-based wireless communication of an external apparatus through the first communication circuit, obtain address information for a second mode-based wireless communication of the external apparatus through the first communication circuit, obtain second identification information for the second mode-based wireless communication of the external apparatus through the second communication circuit using the obtained address, identify whether communication connection with the external apparatus is established through the first communication circuit or the second communication circuit based on the obtained first identification information, address information and second identification information, and perform an operation based on whether the communication connection with the external apparatus is established.