A method for processing votes in a public blockchain includes: generating an election reference and candidate references; generating an asymmetric cryptographic key pair comprised of a master private key and master public key; generating a registration block for addition to a blockchain including the election reference, candidate references, and master public key; transmitting the registration block to nodes associated with the blockchain; receiving a plurality of voting messages, each including a vote and the election reference, where the vote includes a voter reference and at least one candidate reference; generating one or more voting blocks for addition to the blockchain including the received votes; and transmitting each generated voting block to nodes associated with the blockchain.

Electronic voting systems and methods use “proof of work” technology to protect casted votes. Voting system comprises a voting platform and a plurality of voter devices. During the election time period, each voter device performs a multiple computational iterations. For each iteration, each voter device produces a voting data block that comprises, for each iteration, the one or more user votes by the user of the voter device in the election and a nonce that is unique for each iteration. The voter devices also compute a measure for each cryptographic digest computed in each iteration. The measure can be a measure of a property or aspect of the cryptographic digest, such as a measure of the number of consecutive bits of the cryptographic digest that are identical. After completion of the multiple iterations, the voter devices transmit to the voting platform, via the data network, the voting data block corresponding to the digest with the best measure of all the calculated cryptographic digests. The voting platform publishes, via the data network, a first database listing, where the first database listing comprises the voting blocks transmitted to the voting platform from the voter devices.

The present disclosure provides a blockchain consensus reaching method, includes: receiving election data transmitted from a blockchain node having a first account balance and/or a second account balance, the election data comprises information about a blockchain node selected by the blockchain node that transmits the election data; and determining a consensus blockchain node from blockchain nodes selected by each election data based on the election data received in this round, so that the determined consensus blockchain node performs a block packaging operation in a new round; wherein a value in the first account of each blockchain node indicates a number of digital currencies that the blockchain node has, and a value in the second account of each blockchain node indicates a number of votes that the blockchain node has. The present disclosure also provides a blockchain consensus reaching apparatus, a computer system and a computer-readable medium.

A method for auditing an advertisement impression in which a first advertisement was presented in conjunction with first media content is disclosed. The method generally comprises transmitting to a plurality of second computing devices a plurality of randomly generated first cryptographic proofs; receiving, a first message from a second computing device indicating that the first advertisement was presented in conjunction with the first media content; and evaluating the first targeting model for the first advertisement based on the at least one media content classifier.

A communication method and a method for operating the communication network are disclosed. The method includes: obtaining a network identifier (NI) for a first member of the communication network, where the first member is un-validated and associated with a first user; obtaining a vote value regarding the first user from a second user of a second member in the communication network, where the second member is validated; generating a trust score for the NI based on the vote value; and validating the first member, in response to the trust score satisfying a trust score threshold, by inserting a first validated member identity hash block (MIHB) based on the NI into a master blockchain ledger for the communication network.

Disclosed are an electronic voting system based on homogeneous cryptography and a method thereof. An electronic voting method includes the steps of: (a) generating a serial number sn by using election identification information eid and a his/her secret key, wherein the election identification information eid is shared through a block chain; (b) encrypting a voting message M through verifiable homogeneous cryptography to generate a ciphertext CT, and generating a zero-knowledge proof key π for the voting message; and (c) transmitting an electronic ballot including the serial number sn, the ciphertext CT, and the zero-knowledge proof key π to a block chain network as a transaction.

Disclosed herein is a method for distributed consensus. The method includes performing, by each of nodes forming a blockchain, an operation corresponding to a success probability (p) a number of times corresponding to the share value thereof; sending, by nodes having at least one share corresponding to the operation which is successful, a message for being selected as consensus nodes; and performing, by the consensus nodes, which are nodes having consensus shares selected from among the shares corresponding to the operation which is successful, distributed consensus. Here, the nodes forming the blockchain include major shareholder nodes for processing transactions.

A computer-implemented method of online voting and of validating said votes that enables votes to access digital ballots on an internet enabled computing device, such as a mobile phone, tablet, or computer, and submit his/her votes in a secure manner that prevents ballot tampering, only counts validated ballots, and informs voters of whether or not their votes were validated and subsequently included in election results.

A method of making a decision on a blockchain is disclosed. First public keys are received from each of a plurality of participants (A, B, C), wherein each first public key represents a possible selection by a participant and is related to a corresponding first private key by a cryptographic operation having a homomorphic property. The first public keys are combined to generate second public keys, wherein each second public key represents a possible decision based on a combination of possible selections. Third public keys, corresponding to the second public keys, are communicated to the participants. A voting blockchain transaction is generated (T.sub.c voting), wherein an input of the voting transaction is a script executable by means of a digital signature corresponding to a first private key of each of a plurality of the participants, wherein each first private key

A method for implementing linear view-change in a BFT protocol running on a distributed system including n replicas, wherein no more than t of the n replicas are faulty, and wherein the BFT protocol enables the non-faulty replicas to agree on how to sequence execution of a plurality of service operations originating from one or more clients. The method including executing, among and by the n replicas, a phase φ of the BFT protocol, communicating instances of a lock certificate being associated with said phase; and if 2t+1 communicating instances of said lock certificate are not received by the n replicas within a predetermined timeout period, initiating a view-change with at least the following step: if said current phase φ is different than 1, each replica P.sub.i(i=1 . . . n) sets φ.sub.i the highest phase up to said current phase.