An exercise apparatus comprising a weight stack, a flexible elongated cable having a downstream portion that is interconnected to a user selectable number of the one or more individual bodies of weight and to a second resistance device, a manually movable actuating device interconnected to a proximal end of the cable, a downstream portion of the cable being interconnected to the one or more individual bodies of weight and to the second resistance device in an arrangement that pulls on both the one or more individual bodies of weight and the second resistance device.

A vertical stepping machine includes a frame, a crank wheel connected to the frame, a crank arm extending away from a rotational axis of the crank wheel, and a pedal beam connected to the crank arm. A linkage assembly is connected to the frame at a fixed frame location and to the pedal beam at a fixed pedal beam location. A first linkage member of the linkage assembly has a length that forces the pedal beam to travel along an elliptical path as the crank wheel rotates.

An exercise apparatus comprising a foot support movable by the user on the frame back and forth through any one of a plurality of complete, reproducible and different arc segments of a master arcuate path, the foot support being interconnected to an arc segment selection device that is manually actuatable to enable the user to manually select any one of the plurality of different arc segments, the foot support being interconnected to an arm having a handle manually graspable by the user to reduce or increase power or energy required by the user to move the foot support.

An exercise apparatus comprising a foot support movable by the user on the frame back and forth through any one of a plurality of complete, reproducible and different arc segments of a master arcuate path, the foot support being interconnected to an arc segment selection device that is manually actuatable to enable the user to manually select any one of the plurality of different arc segments, the foot support being interconnected to an arm having a handle manually graspable by the user to reduce or increase power or energy required by the user to move the foot support.

A sport swinging resistance exercise device is described that is designed for providing air resistance when swinging elongated sports equipment. An athlete can change the amount of air resistance by either using a different air resistance vane, or a resistance vane with variable opening features. An alignment marker for a right-handed athlete and second alignment marker one for a left-handed athlete is used to orient the sports swinging exercise device to operate optimally. The sports swinging exercise device is made mainly from durable, light-weight materials such as rip-stop nylon, for lightness and air blocking capabilities. When not in use the sports swinging exercise device and other optional air resistance devices can be stored in a small storage bag to keep them together and for easy transportation and accessibility in an equipment bag such as a batting bag.

A pedal drive system, in particular for an electric vehicle or a training apparatus, and for generating electrical power from muscle power of a user with at least one pedal and an electric generator, connected mechanically with said at least one pedal, is provided. To improve the haptic feel and feedback at the pedal, a control unit is provided for controlling a feedback torque, applied at said pedal, wherein the control unit comprises a haptic renderer, configured for control of said feedback torque based on at least one predefined pedal reference trajectory.

An exercise apparatus comprising: a foot support, a user interface that includes a visual display, the foot support being movable by the user on the frame back and forth through any one of a plurality of complete, reproducible and different arc segments of a master arcuate path, the foot support being interconnected to a selection device that enables the user to select any one of the plurality of arc segments, one or more detectors adapted to detect one or more of force, energy or power exerted by the user over time on the foot support or distance or velocity of travel of the foot support or resistance assembly during the course of the user's performance of all or a portion of an exercise cycle, the visual display displaying a visually recognizable format of one or more of the force, energy, power, distance, time or velocity.

A two-handed crank action exercise device includes a crank mechanism that is supported at a spaced elevation above ground level, and features a crank arm radiating outwardly away from a rotational axis and a hand grip carried on the crank arm at a radial distance from the rotational axis for manual grasping by a user to drive rotation of the crank arm. An adjustable resistance mechanism is coupled to the crank mechanism to provide an adjustable amount of resistance to said crank mechanism. The hand grip is of sufficient length to enable simultaneous manual grasping thereof by both hands of said user for two-handed operation of said crank mechanism.

An exercise machine having a changeable damping mechanism is provided. A first transmission rope on a first shifting wheel of a first rotating shaft drives a damping device of a damping shaft to generate a relative damping action for training the leg muscular endurance of the user. Through a first changeable damping mechanism, the first transmission rope, which having stretch elasticity on the first shifting wheel is controlled to adjust the rotational speed according to the gear ratio, which may be in cooperation with a second transmission rope, which having stretch elasticity on a second shifting wheel through a second changeable damping mechanism, and is in cooperation with the damping action of a magnetic control wheel or a blower fan of the damping device to extend the range of damping control for different users to train muscular endurance.

An exercise apparatus for performing a back extension exercise comprising: a frame, a seat having a seating surface and a pelvic stabilization pad having a lower back engagement surface, an input arm assembly interconnected by a first interconnection to a first resistance mechanism, the input arm assembly including a manually graspable mechanism and being arranged on the apparatus such that the input arm assembly is pivotable beginning from a start motionless position along a path of travel toward the pelvic stabilization pad under resistance exerted by one or both of the resistance mechanisms, wherein the first resistance mechanism is adapted to increase resistance as the degree of pivoting of the input arm assembly increases along the path of travel away from the start motionless position rearwardly toward the pelvic stabilization pad.