A printing apparatus comprises: a printer that includes a printing mechanism that performs printing on a printing medium, the printing mechanism being provided in a print area; a housing that includes an opening region for exposing the printing mechanism to outside; and a guiding mechanism that represents a position of the print area. The guiding mechanism is provided at a position directly above the print area and visible from outside. Accordingly, when a user performs printing on the printing medium using this printing apparatus, the user can easily grasp a position of the print area by means of the guiding mechanism, and therefore can print on a desired position on the printing medium.

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer, an image forming device to form a toner image on the image bearer with toner, a power source to output a bias to transfer the toner image onto a recording medium, and control circuitry. The circuitry controls the power source to decrease a peak-to-peak voltage of the bias in response to increase in at least one of temperature and humidity, when a time-averaged voltage of the bias is on a transfer side of transferring the toner to the recording medium, from a median value of maximum and minimum voltages of the bias. The circuitry controls the power source to increase the peak-to-peak voltage of the bias in response to increase in at least one of temperature and humidity, when the time-averaged voltage of the bias is on a return side of returning the toner to the image bearer, from the median value.

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer, an image forming device to form a toner image on the image bearer with toner, a power source to output a bias to transfer the toner image onto a recording medium, and control circuitry. The circuitry controls the power source to decrease a peak-to-peak voltage of the bias in response to increase in at least one of temperature and humidity, when a time-averaged voltage of the bias is on a transfer side of transferring the toner to the recording medium, from a median value of maximum and minimum voltages of the bias. The circuitry controls the power source to increase the peak-to-peak voltage of the bias in response to increase in at least one of temperature and humidity, when the time-averaged voltage of the bias is on a return side of returning the toner to the image bearer, from the median value.

A printing apparatus comprises: a printer that includes a printing mechanism that performs printing on a printing medium, the printing mechanism being provided in a print area; a housing that includes an opening region for exposing the printing mechanism to outside; and a guiding mechanism that represents a position of the print area. The guiding mechanism is provided at a position directly above the print area and visible from outside. Accordingly, when a user performs printing on the printing medium using this printing apparatus, the user can easily grasp a position of the print area by means of the guiding mechanism, and therefore can print on a desired position on the printing medium.

An image forming apparatus includes a developing roller, a voltage applying part, a direct current correcting part and a correction switching part. The developing roller supplies a toner to an image carrier. The voltage applying part applies a superimposed voltage of an alternating current voltage and a direct current voltage to the developing roller. The direct current correcting part corrects the direct current voltage on the basis of variation of an alternating current flowing between the voltage applying part and the developing roller. The correction switching part switches the direct current voltage correcting part between an operating state and a non-operating state.

An image forming apparatus includes a developing roller, a voltage applying part, a direct current correcting part and a correction switching part. The developing roller supplies a toner to an image carrier. The voltage applying part applies a superimposed voltage of an alternating current voltage and a direct current voltage to the developing roller. The direct current correcting part corrects the direct current voltage on the basis of variation of an alternating current flowing between the voltage applying part and the developing roller. The correction switching part switches the direct current voltage correcting part between an operating state and a non-operating state.

A lens unit according to one or more embodiments includes a lens plate member including a plurality of lenses arranged in a first direction; and a light block member provided facing the lens plate member and including a plurality of opening portions arranged in the first direction, the opening portions being provided in one-to-one correspondence with the lenses. A first positioning portion is formed at a first position in first direction of each of the lens plate member and the light block member. The first positioning portion of the lens plate member and the first positioning portion of the light block member align with each other and continuously extend in a second direction along an optical axis direction of the lenses.

A method, system, and program product for communicating with machines and end users connected to a network. Information sent to or from the machines is transmitted using electronic mail or a via a direct connection. The electronic mail may be transmitted over the Internet to a service center or from a service center to a resource administrator, but also may remain within a local or wide area network for transmission between a machine and an end user or a resource administrator. E-mail messages may be transmitted from a computer which is attached to a device which is being monitored or controlled and include information regarding the status, usage or capabilities of the attached device. The device may send status messages and usage information of the device by an end user to either a resource administrator or to a service center on the Internet through a firewall.

An optical member includes a lens array including lens bodies, and transmissive members. The transmissive members are made of a material having a uniform refractive index, and are disposed at positions nearer an object to be read or at positions farther from the object to be read than the corresponding lens bodies are disposed. The transmissive members have a columnar shape extending along the optical axes of the lens bodies, and allow light incident through one end faces to exit through the other end faces. The optical axes of the lens bodies are deviated from the central axes of the transmissive members corresponding to the respective lens bodies at least in the sub-scanning direction, and an end face of the transmissive member to which an end face of each lens body is opposed is thereby an end face of the corresponding transmissive member.

A binding processing device includes: a binding processing element that advances a binding tooth to a sheet to perform binding processing of the sheet; and a processor that performs control of drying a bound part of the sheet after the binding processing of the sheet by the binding processing element is performed.