A printing apparatus includes a printing section, an imaging section, a color measurement section, and a discharge amount upper limit determining section. The imaging section is configured to capture an image of a test medium on which a test pattern has been printed. The color measurement section is configured to execute color measurement on the test medium. The discharge amount upper limit determining section is configured to determine an upper limit of an amount of ink to be discharged based on at least one of a color saturation suppression upper limit calculated based on color measurement information of the test medium obtained by the color measurement section and at least one of an overflowing suppression upper limit, a bleeding suppression upper limit, and an aggregation suppression upper limit calculated based on imaging information of the test medium obtained by the imaging section.

Techniques for characterizing an optical system (for example, a printer verifier) are provided. In this regard, the optical system may be characterized for scanning a printed image. The characterization of the optical system includes determining an effective aperture size of the optical system, and correspondingly an effective resolution at which the optical system can be configured to scan a portion of the printed image according to verification requirements.

An image reading apparatus includes a first sensor, a second sensor, a third sensor, a first processor that generates a first merge image based on first image data acquired by reading by the first sensor and second image data acquired by reading by the second sensor, and a second processor that generates a second merge image based on the second image data and third image data acquired by reading by the third sensor, and generates an output image by performing a linking process on the first merge image and the second merge image.

Techniques for characterizing an optical system (for example, a printer verifier) are provided. In this regard, the optical system may be characterized for scanning a printed image. The characterization of the optical system includes determining an effective aperture size of the optical system, and correspondingly an effective resolution at which the optical system can be configured to scan a portion of the printed image according to verification requirements.

An electronic device for file conversion includes a receiving end, a storage medium, a processor and a transmitting end. The receiving end is configured to receive a data source code. The processor is electrically connected to the receiving end and the storage medium, and is configured to store the data source code into the storage medium and convert the data source code, stored in the storage medium, into printing data. The transmitting end is electrically connected to the processor, and is configured to transmit the printing data to a printing apparatus via a network.

An image forming apparatus includes: an image processor configured to perform first image processing on image data having a first resolution and to add tag data to a target pixel where second image processing is to be performed; a resolution converter configured to convert the image data into image data having a second resolution higher than the first resolution, and to perform the second image processing based on arrangement of the image data having the first resolution and the tag data; a pulse generator configured to generate an on-off modulation signal and an application-current switching signal in accordance with the image data having undergone the second image processing; and a light source driver configured to drive the light source in accordance with a current setting value output from an application current setter depending on the application-current switching signal and the on-off modulation signal.

A system and method for efficiently and securely converting physical documents, including handwritten reports, into structured data stored in databases is disclosed. The method includes extraction by a processor of electronic images or text from scanned physical documents and transmission of the extracted data by the processor to other devices for evaluation by data entry technicians. A candidate set of potential responses to a field may be provided to a data entry technician to enable the data entry technician to evaluate the extracted data. The candidate set may be generated based on responses extracted physical documents having the same author. Entries from different data fields of documents may be provided to different data entry technicians to reduce the amount of information provided to a data entry technician, thereby reducing security risks for documents containing confidential material.

A printing apparatus includes a printing section, an imaging section, a color measurement section, and a discharge amount upper limit determining section. The imaging section is configured to capture an image of a test medium on which a test pattern has been printed. The color measurement section is configured to execute color measurement on the test medium. The discharge amount upper limit determining section is configured to determine an upper limit of an amount of ink to be discharged based on at least one of a color saturation suppression upper limit calculated based on color measurement information of the test medium obtained by the color measurement section and at least one of an overflowing suppression upper limit, a bleeding suppression upper limit, and an aggregation suppression upper limit calculated based on imaging information of the test medium obtained by the imaging section.

An electronic device for file conversion includes a receiving end, a storage medium, a processor and a transmitting end. The receiving end is configured to receive a data source code. The processor is electrically connected to the receiving end and the storage medium, and is configured to store the data source code into the storage medium and convert the data source code, stored in the storage medium, into printing data. The transmitting end is electrically connected to the processor, and is configured to transmit the printing data to a printing apparatus via a network.

An image reading apparatus includes a conveying unit to convey a document, first and second reading units, a reception unit, a selection unit, and a setting unit. The first reading unit generates image data form a document first side and the second reading unit generates image data from a second side in parallel with the first reading unit reading. The reception unit receives settings regarding a size, an orientation, and a document opening direction of the document. The selection unit selects either a first reading method causing the first and second reading units to read per the set size, and a second reading method causing the first reading unit to read the first side per the set size and causing the second reading unit to read an entire second side. The setting unit sets image data corresponding to the document second side reading by the second reading method.