A method for correcting in-track position errors in a digital printing system having a linear printhead includes printing a test target including a plurality of alignment marks. A data processing system is used to automatically analyze a captured image of the printed test target to determine a measured in-track position for each of the alignment marks. The measured in-track positions for the alignment marks are compared to reference positions to determine measured in-track position errors. An in-track position correction function is determined responsive to the measured in-track position errors, wherein the in-track position correction function specifies in-track position corrections to be applied as a function of cross-track position. A corrected digital image is determined by resampling an input digital image responsive to the in-track position correction function.

A method for correcting in-track position errors in a digital printing system having a linear printhead includes printing a test target including a plurality of alignment marks. A data processing system is used to automatically analyze a captured image of the printed test target to determine a measured in-track position for each of the alignment marks. The measured in-track positions for the alignment marks are compared to reference positions to determine measured in-track position errors. An in-track position correction function is determined responsive to the measured in-track position errors, wherein the in-track position correction function specifies in-track position corrections to be applied as a function of cross-track position. A corrected digital image is determined by resampling an input digital image responsive to the in-track position correction function.

An image forming apparatus is provided which forms an image on a recording medium. The image forming apparatus includes a housing; a plurality of photosensitive members which bear respective toner images; a scanning unit which scans surfaces of the plurality of photosensitive members by laser light in accordance with image information; and a recording medium container which contains the recording medium and is detachably mounted in the housing. The scanning unit is disposed under the plurality of photosensitive members and over the recording medium container in the vertical direction, and other components are not interposed between the scanning unit and the recording medium container in the vertical direction.

A device management system includes a device management apparatus; and a plurality of devices connectable to the device management apparatus. The device management apparatus includes circuitry configured to receive a notice of failure risk condition from the plurality of devices; in response to receiving a notice indicating that a first condition of the failure risk condition is satisfied from a first device, transmit to the first device a change request for changing the failure risk condition from the first condition to a second condition; identify, based on similarity between information stored for the first device and the plurality of devices other than the first device, a second device that is to be monitored using the same monitoring condition used for the first device; and transmit, to the second device, the change request for changing the failure risk condition from the first condition to the second condition.

An image forming apparatus includes: an image carrier; a light source configured to emit light for exposing the image carrier; a controller configured to control a light intensity of the light source; a reference current generator configured to generate a reference current based on a target light intensity of the light source, the target light intensity being set by the controller; a correction current generator configured to generate a correction current for correcting the reference current based on an amount of correction that is set by the controller, and on the target light intensity; and a driver configured to drive the light source using a drive current that corresponds to a difference between the reference current and the correction current.

A method for correcting in-track position errors in a digital printing system having a linear printhead includes printing a test target including a plurality of alignment marks. A data processing system is used to automatically analyze a captured image of the printed test target to determine a measured in-track position for each of the alignment marks. The measured in-track positions for the alignment marks are compared to reference positions to determine measured in-track position errors. An in-track position correction function is determined responsive to the measured in-track position errors, wherein the in-track position correction function specifies in-track position corrections to be applied as a function of cross-track position. A corrected digital image is determined by resampling an input digital image responsive to the in-track position correction function.

An image forming apparatus is provided which forms an image on a recording medium. The image forming apparatus includes a housing; a plurality of photosensitive members which bear respective toner images; a scanning unit which scans surfaces of the plurality of photosensitive members by laser light in accordance with image information; and a recording medium container which contains the recording medium and is detachably mounted in the housing. The scanning unit is disposed under the plurality of photosensitive members and over the recording medium container in the vertical direction, and other components are not interposed between the scanning unit and the recording medium container in the vertical direction.

An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable toner carrying member; a rotatable transfer member contactable to the image carrying member to transfer a toner image from the image carrying member onto a sheet; an urging member for urging the transfer member toward the image carrying member; a supporting member supporting the transfer member so as to be movable toward and away from the carrying member; a driving source for rotating the transfer member; and a coupling member provided opposed to the transfer member in an axial direction of the transfer member to engage with the transfer member to transfer a driving force from the driving source to the transfer member.

An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable toner carrying member; a rotatable transfer member contactable to the image carrying member to transfer a toner image from the image carrying member onto a sheet; an urging member for urging the transfer member toward the image carrying member; a supporting member supporting the transfer member so as to be movable toward and away from the carrying member; a driving source for rotating the transfer member; and a coupling member provided opposed to the transfer member in an axial direction of the transfer member to engage with the transfer member to transfer a driving force from the driving source to the transfer member.

A development bias to be applied onto a developing unit is reduced, in a case where it is determined that a remaining amount of toner is equal to or less than a threshold, in a mode in which a rotation speed of a developing unit is faster than a rotation speed of an image bearing member to increase an amount of toner to be supplied to the image bearing member.