An image correction method includes: acquiring band images obtained by imaging a subject, and a high-resolution image having a resolution higher than that of the band images; acquiring a position difference between the object band image and the reference band image among the band images; by using a pixel of the object band image as an object pixel, for each object pixel, determining a pixel value of each sub-region obtained by dividing the imaging region of the object pixel into a plurality of regions, based on the pixel value of the object pixel and a relationship between pixel values of the pixels of the high-resolution image corresponding to the object pixel; and creating a corrected band image that holds a pixel value of light on the object band image at the pixel position of the reference band image, from the determined pixel value of each sub-region and the position difference.

An image correction device is configured to acquire band images obtained by imaging a subject; by using at least one of the band images as a reference band image and at least one of the rest of the band images as an object band image, acquire a position difference between the object band image and the reference band image; by using a pixel of the object band image as an object pixel and each of pixels of the reference band image that overlap the object pixel when the object pixel is shifted by the position difference as a corresponding pixel, create a corrected band image that holds a pixel value of light on the object band image at the pixel position of the reference band image, on the basis of a relationship between pixel values of the corresponding pixels; and output the corrected band image.

An image reading device includes a background unit, a reading unit, and circuitry. The background unit is configured to be a background in reading of a recording medium and includes a first region that is black and a second region that is different from the first region. The reading unit is configured to read an image with the background unit as the background, and generate a read value based on a result of reading the image with the background unit. The circuitry is configured to correct the read value based on a reference value generated by the reading unit by reading the second region of the background unit.

An image reading device includes a background unit, a reading unit, and circuitry. The background unit is configured to be a background in reading of a recording medium and includes a first region that is black and a second region that is different from the first region. The reading unit is configured to read an image with the background unit as the background, and generate a read value based on a result of reading the image with the background unit. The circuitry is configured to correct the read value based on a reference value generated by the reading unit by reading the second region of the background unit.

An image reading apparatus includes a light emitter to irradiate a document with light, a first light guide to guide the light reflected by the document, an output device to output a readout signal obtained from the light reflected and guided by the first light guide, a base to correct shading in the readout signal, and circuitry to output a scanned image in which the shading of the document in the readout signal is corrected, based on correction data obtained from the readout signal of the base output from the output device, control a timing at which the light emitter emits the light and a timing at which the output device outputs a signal, and heat the first light guide with the light emitted from the light emitter before the output device outputs the readout signal of each of the document and the base.

An image reading apparatus includes a light emitter to irradiate a document with light, a first light guide to guide the light reflected by the document, an output device to output a readout signal obtained from the light reflected and guided by the first light guide, a base to correct shading in the readout signal, and circuitry to output a scanned image in which the shading of the document in the readout signal is corrected, based on correction data obtained from the readout signal of the base output from the output device, control a timing at which the light emitter emits the light and a timing at which the output device outputs a signal, and heat the first light guide with the light emitted from the light emitter before the output device outputs the readout signal of each of the document and the base.

A system previously generates a plurality of neural networks by performing learning based on an image data pair generated based on identical original data and differing in resolution. Then, the system determines one neural network out of the plurality of neural networks based on a resolution of input image data and a resolution of an image to be output, acquires post-conversion image data based on the determined neural network and the input image data, and performs outputting that is based on the post-conversion image data.

A system previously generates a plurality of neural networks by performing learning based on an image data pair generated based on identical original data and differing in resolution. Then, the system determines one neural network out of the plurality of neural networks based on a resolution of input image data and a resolution of an image to be output, acquires post-conversion image data based on the determined neural network and the input image data, and performs outputting that is based on the post-conversion image data.

A printing system is disclosed. The printing system includes at least one physical memory device to store uniformity compensation logic and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device to execute the uniformity compensation logic to receive print image measurement data corresponding with each of a plurality of pel forming elements, generate a first set of intermediate images based on the print image measurement data, determine whether historical sets of intermediate images are available, generate first transfer functions corresponding to each of the pel forming elements based on the first set of intermediate images and the historical sets of intermediate images upon a determination that the historical sets of intermediate images are available and transmit the first transfer functions for each of the pel forming elements.

An apparatus including: a deflector deflecting a light flux from a light source to scan a surface in a main scanning direction; and an imaging optical system including first and second optical elements, and guiding the light flux deflected by the deflector to the surface. When sagittal shapes of an incident surface and an exit surface of each of the first and second optical elements are represented by the following equations:

[00001]$x=\frac{z^2/r^{\prime }}{1+{\left(1-{\left(z/r^{\prime }\right)}^2\right)}^{1/2}}+\underset{n=1}{\overset{8}{.Math.}}\underset{m=0}{\overset{16}{.Math.}}{M}_{\mathrm{mn}}{y}^m{z}^n$$r^{\prime }=r\left(1+\underset{i=1}{\overset{16}{.Math.}}{E}_i{y}^i\right)$

in at least one of incident surface or exit surface of first optical element and each of incident surface and exit surface of second optical element, at least one of values of M.sub.m n is not equal to 0 provided that m is not equal to 0, and incident surface and exit surface of second optical element have M.sub.01 of the same sign.