A printing system includes an image forming apparatus capable of performing visible printing and invisible printing and a terminal apparatus. The terminal apparatus includes first circuitry. The first circuitry adds a printing command instructing to invisibly print an image of a two-dimensional code obtained by two-dimensionally encoding a print target image to print data generated based on the print target image. The first circuitry transmits, to the image forming apparatus, the print data to which the printing command is added. The image forming apparatus including second circuitry. The second circuitry visibly prints the print target image based on the print data transmitted from the terminal apparatus, and invisibly prints the image of the two-dimensional code according to the printing command added.

A method for printing a document includes receiving the document, the document including at least one element to be printed using a combination of a spot color and a print effect; receiving a spot color emulation definition for the spot color and the print effect, the spot color emulation definition including a spot color name, an indication of a device-independent color space, values for the spot color in the device-independent color space, and an additional ink parameter indicating at least one additional ink to produce the print effect; and printing the document using the spot color emulation definition.

The invention relates to a system for printing on colored background other than black or white, the system comprising: an apparatus for receiving input data respecting an image printable on the colored background, the image constituting one of a color and a grayscale containing transparency information, the apparatus processing the input data and outputting white underbase information including printing ink separation; a dual-acting device capable of acting in a first aspect as a plate making or film generating means in respect of offline printing, and in a second aspect acting as a print controller in respect of online printing; and a printing device selected from a group consisting of offset printing device, screen printing device and Hybrid printing device when offline printing being adapted, and/or, selected from a group comprising inkjet printer, laser printer and toner-based printer when online printing being resorted.

An image processing apparatus includes an input unit configured to receive first material appearance data representing a material appearance of an image, a material appearance mapping unit configured to convert the first material appearance data into second material appearance data corresponding to a material appearance reproducible by a material appearance reproducing apparatus, and a conversion unit configured to convert the second material appearance data into control data for reproducing the material appearance of the image using the material appearance reproducing apparatus. The first material appearance data includes a gloss signal corresponding to a specular gloss and a gloss signal corresponding to an image clarity.

A printing apparatus includes a hardware processor and a printer. The hardware processor is configured to set a temporary base coat region which is a region where a base coat is to be applied, set a temporary design region which is a base design region and which includes an outer shape corresponding to a bounding polygon of the temporary base coat region, detect a base coat region of a nail where the base coat is applied, and adjust the temporary design region so that an outer shape of the temporary design region matches the outer shape of a bounding polygon of the base coat region, set a portion of the adjusted temporary design region overlapping with the base coat region as a design region, and generate design printing data. The printer prints a design on the nail based on the design printing data.

In one embodiment, an image containing a number of colors is received. The image is divided into a number of sections, and an importance value is determined for each section. For each section of the image, a frequency of each color is determined. For each color in the image, a weighted score is calculated based on the frequency of that color in a particular section, and the importance value in the particular section. The weighted scores are used to adjust an error metric used to determine an approximation function for a color profile to transform the image from a first color space to a second color space, where the error metric measures the difference between the approximation function and an ideal function curve for the transformation.

In one embodiment, an image containing a number of colors is received. The image is divided into a number of sections, and an importance value is determined for each section. For each section of the image, a frequency of each color is determined. For each color in the image, a weighted score is calculated based on the frequency of that color in a particular section, and the importance value in the particular section. The weighted scores are used to adjust an error metric used to determine an approximation function for a color profile to transform the image from a first color space to a second color space, where the error metric measures the difference between the approximation function and an ideal function curve for the transformation.

A computer analyzes submitted data to identify insufficient data among data necessary for executing C×F color conversion process. When spectral characteristic data of a patch constituting a C×F chart is insufficient, a computer supplements the spectral characteristic data. When complete printing order data has not been obtained, the computer supplements printing order data. The color conversion process is performed using the data after supplement.

A computer analyzes submitted data to identify insufficient data among data necessary for executing C×F color conversion process. When spectral characteristic data of a patch constituting a C×F chart is insufficient, a computer supplements the spectral characteristic data. When complete printing order data has not been obtained, the computer supplements printing order data. The color conversion process is performed using the data after supplement.

An image processing apparatus including a first obtaining unit configured to obtain first image data to be printed, a second obtaining unit configured to obtain second image data indicating a subject identical to that of the first image data and expressed by a geometric condition different from that of the first image data, and a determination unit configured to determine ink amounts of respective inks including a first ink that reflects light in a normal reflection and a second ink that is different from the first ink and has a ratio of an intensity of light reflected in the normal reflection direction to an intensity of light reflected in the diffuse direction smaller than that of the first ink in a case where light based on brightness at each position of the first image data and the second image data.