Computers communicating in 5G, 4G, 3G and 2G cellular systems and in wireless Wi-Fi networks. Computers having location finding information and touchscreen generated signals for control of communications or of location of the computer. A fingerprint generated signal is used for authentication of the computer. Receiving, in a computer, a signal from a digital cellular communication system, processing the received digital cellular communication signal into a processed signal and transmitting the processed signal. Generating, in computer, a first data signal and transmitting this data signal to a wireless network. Receiving in the computer a second data signal from the wireless network. Generating, in the computer, a third data signal and transmitting the third data signal to a cellular system. Receiving in computer, a fourth data signal from the cellular system. The wireless network and the cellular system are distinct. Processing in a computer a photo and/or video camera generated signal into a processed digital camera signal and further processing and filtering the processed digital camera signal into a cross-correlated Time Constrained Signal (TCS) wave form and Long Response (LR) filtered baseband signal. Modulating in a quadrature modulator the TCS wave form and LR filtered signal into a modulated signal and transmitting the modulated signal.

Computers communicating in 5G, 4G, 3G and 2G cellular systems and in wireless Wi-Fi networks. Computers having location finding information and touchscreen generated signals for control of communications or of location of the computer. A fingerprint generated signal is used for authentication of the computer. Receiving, in a computer, a signal from a digital cellular communication system, processing the received digital cellular communication signal into a processed signal and transmitting the processed signal. Generating, in computer, a first data signal and transmitting this data signal to a wireless network. Receiving in the computer a second data signal from the wireless network. Generating, in the computer, a third data signal and transmitting the third data signal to a cellular system. Receiving in computer, a fourth data signal from the cellular system. The wireless network and the cellular system are distinct. Processing in a computer a photo and/or video camera generated signal into a processed digital camera signal and further processing and filtering the processed digital camera signal into a cross-correlated Time Constrained Signal (TCS) wave form and Long Response (LR) filtered baseband signal. Modulating in a quadrature modulator the TCS wave form and LR filtered signal into a modulated signal and transmitting the modulated signal.

Automobile receiving, demodulating and processing signal for location finding. Processing a sensor and touchscreen generated signal for control of communication, location finding or operation of the automobile. Processing the processed digital communication signal into a further processed baseband signal and modulating and transmitting the processed baseband signal. Processing a camera generated signal into a processed camera signal and providing processed camera signal to an interface unit. Processing and modulating in an automobile a signal into a processed cross-correlated Time Constrained Signal (TCS) wave form and Long Response (LR) filtered signal. Receiving in an automobile a wireless modulated remote control (RC) signal, demodulating and processing modulated RC signal into a demodulated processed RC signal. Transmitting a signal to an emergency 911 (emergency 911 or enhanced emergency E-911) wireless service provider.

Automobile receiving, demodulating and processing signal for location finding. Processing a sensor and touchscreen generated signal for control of communication, location finding or operation of the automobile. Processing the processed digital communication signal into a further processed baseband signal and modulating and transmitting the processed baseband signal. Processing a camera generated signal into a processed camera signal and providing processed camera signal to an interface unit. Processing and modulating in an automobile a signal into a processed cross-correlated Time Constrained Signal (TCS) wave form and Long Response (LR) filtered signal. Receiving in an automobile a wireless modulated remote control (RC) signal, demodulating and processing modulated RC signal into a demodulated processed RC signal. Transmitting a signal to an emergency 911 (emergency 911 or enhanced emergency E-911) wireless service provider.

Air Based Unmanned Vehicle (UV) devices and systems receiving modulated signals for demodulating and processing these signals into processed baseband location finder signal. Devices processing a camera provided signal into a processed camera signal and providing processed camera signal with processed baseband location finder signal to a transmitter for transmission of processed camera signal with processed baseband location finder signal. Receiving, demodulating and processing in vehicles a modulated remote control (RC) signal into a processed RC signal and providing processed RC signal to a processor for control of a vehicle. Receiving and processing in a vehicle a sensor generated signal into processed sensor generated signal, for storing or transmitting the processed sensor generated signal.

Air Based Unmanned Vehicle (UV) devices and systems receiving modulated signals for demodulating and processing these signals into processed baseband location finder signal. Devices processing a camera provided signal into a processed camera signal and providing processed camera signal with processed baseband location finder signal to a transmitter for transmission of processed camera signal with processed baseband location finder signal. Receiving, demodulating and processing in vehicles a modulated remote control (RC) signal into a processed RC signal and providing processed RC signal to a processor for control of a vehicle. Receiving and processing in a vehicle a sensor generated signal into processed sensor generated signal, for storing or transmitting the processed sensor generated signal.

Methods (900, 1000) and apparatuses (110, 120, 400) are provided for transmitting and receiving a signal. The method (900) of transmitting a signal includes modulating (920) data into a plurality of modulation symbols to generate a signal, the data including time synchronization information including one of a time offset parameter and a frame length parameter selected according to a frame length mode parameter, and transmitting (930) the signal over a communication medium. The method (1000) of receiving a signal includes receiving (1010) a signal over a communication medium, and demodulating (1020) the signal to generate a plurality of demodulated symbols, the demodulated symbols including data, the data including time synchronization information including one of a time offset parameter and a frame length parameter selected according to a frame length mode parameter.

Methods (900, 1000) and apparatuses (110, 120, 400) are provided for transmitting and receiving a signal. The method (900) of transmitting a signal includes modulating (920) data into a plurality of modulation symbols to generate a signal, the data including time synchronization information including one of a time offset parameter and a frame length parameter selected according to a frame length mode parameter, and transmitting (930) the signal over a communication medium. The method (1000) of receiving a signal includes receiving (1010) a signal over a communication medium, and demodulating (1020) the signal to generate a plurality of demodulated symbols, the demodulated symbols including data, the data including time synchronization information including one of a time offset parameter and a frame length parameter selected according to a frame length mode parameter.

A video encoder maintains a first reference picture list; maintains a second reference picture list; determines that a picture is an instantaneous decoding refresh (IDR) picture; determines that reference picture list syntax elements are present in a slice header for the IDR picture; and in response to determining that the picture is the IDR picture and that the reference picture list syntax elements are present in the slice header for the IDR picture, updates the first reference picture list and the second reference picture list such that no picture in the first reference picture list and no picture in the second reference picture list precedes, in output order or decoding order, any preceding instant random access point (IRAP) picture in decoding order.

A video encoder maintains a first reference picture list; maintains a second reference picture list; determines that a picture is an instantaneous decoding refresh (IDR) picture; determines that reference picture list syntax elements are present in a slice header for the IDR picture; and in response to determining that the picture is the IDR picture and that the reference picture list syntax elements are present in the slice header for the IDR picture, updates the first reference picture list and the second reference picture list such that no picture in the first reference picture list and no picture in the second reference picture list precedes, in output order or decoding order, any preceding instant random access point (IRAP) picture in decoding order.