A direct retinal projector system that provides dynamic focusing for virtual reality (VR) and/or augmented reality (AR) is described. A direct retinal projector system scans images, pixel by pixel, directly onto the subject's retinas. This allows individual pixels to be optically affected dynamically as the images are scanned to the subject's retinas. Dynamic focusing components and techniques are described that may be used in a direct retinal projector system to dynamically and correctly focus each pixel in VR images as the images are being scanned to a subject's eyes. This allows objects, surfaces, etc. that are intended to appear at different distances in a scene to be projected to the subject's eyes at the correct depths.

Described examples include an apparatus having a substrate with a substrate surface. The apparatus also includes an element with a planar surface facing the substrate surface and with a nonplanar surface opposite the planar surface facing away from the substrate surface.

A light projection system including a light source, a light controller optically and/or electrically coupled to the light source to generate a plurality of spatially-separated and independently-modulatable beams of light, and an angular light modulator (ALM) positioned to receive the beams of light and selectively direct the light from each beam into one of a plurality of directions. The light source can include a laser diode array. The light controller can be a spatial light modulator or a processor programmed to control an output of each of the lasers of the laser diode array. The angular light modulator may be a digital micromirror device (DMD). The ALM may be configured to project the images into corresponding diffraction orders of the ALM or the ALM may be configured to continuously scan the images.

Presented are a structured illumination microscopy system using a digital micromirror device and a time-complex structured illumination, and an operation method therefor. A structured illumination microscopy system using a digital micromirror device and a time-complex structured illumination according to an embodiment may comprise: a light source; a digital micromirror device (DMD) for receiving light irradiated from the light source, implementing a time-complex structured illumination, and causing a controlled structured illumination to enter a sample; and a fluorescence image measurement unit for extracting a high-resolution 3D fluorescence image of the sample.

Presented are a structured illumination microscopy system using a digital micromirror device and a time-complex structured illumination, and an operation method therefor. A structured illumination microscopy system using a digital micromirror device and a time-complex structured illumination according to an embodiment may comprise: a light source; a digital micromirror device (DMD) for receiving light irradiated from the light source, implementing a time-complex structured illumination, and causing a controlled structured illumination to enter a sample; and a fluorescence image measurement unit for extracting a high-resolution 3D fluorescence image of the sample.

A light projection system comprising a light modulator that comprises a plurality of pixels each capable of selectively directing a corresponding modulatable amount of light, and a processor coupled to the light modulator to control the amount of light output from each of the plurality of pixels. The processor is configured to control the light modulator to form a computer generated hologram (CGH) wavefront from the light modulator corresponding to an image to be produced in the far field. The processor is also configured to control the light modulator to selectively direct the CGH wavefront. The light modulator may comprise an angular light modulator (ALM) comprising the plurality of pixels, each of the plurality of pixels having an OFF state and an ON state, the ALM arranged to direct the amounts of light in the direction as the pixels transition between the ON state and the OFF state.

A light projection system, including a light source to provide an output beam of light, an angular light modulator (ALM) comprising a plurality of pixels, each pixel having an ON state and an OFF state, the ALM positioned to receive output beam on the plurality of pixels, and a processor coupled to the ALM. The processor is programmed to control a first set of the pixels to transition between the OFF state and the ON state while the beam is incident on the pixels. An amount of light is selectively directed in a direction by the first set. The processor is also programmed to control a second set of the plurality of pixels to remain in the OFF state while the beam is incident on the plurality of pixels. As a result, the ALM operates as a spatial light modulator and an angular light modulator of the beam of light.

A reflective 3D display device, including: a display panel which includes a plurality of columns of pixels, the plurality of columns of pixels include columns of left eye pixels and columns of right eye pixels, which are provided alternatively; an eye tracker, configured to identify location information of eyes of a human who is watching the display panel; and a plurality of MEMS reflectors, provided at a side of the display panel opposite to a display surface of the display panel, and configured to rotate according to the location information of the eyes of the human to adjust an outgoing direction of light irradiated on the MEMS reflectors, so that light emitted from the left eye pixels is incident into a left eye of the human, and light emitted from the right eye pixels is incident into a right eye of the human, to form a 3D display picture.

A reflective 3D display device, including: a display panel which includes a plurality of columns of pixels, the plurality of columns of pixels include columns of left eye pixels and columns of right eye pixels, which are provided alternatively; an eye tracker, configured to identify location information of eyes of a human who is watching the display panel; and a plurality of MEMS reflectors, provided at a side of the display panel opposite to a display surface of the display panel, and configured to rotate according to the location information of the eyes of the human to adjust an outgoing direction of light irradiated on the MEMS reflectors, so that light emitted from the left eye pixels is incident into a left eye of the human, and light emitted from the right eye pixels is incident into a right eye of the human, to form a 3D display picture.

Systems and methods are described for providing a three-dimensional display. In an example, a display device includes a light engine, a spatial light modulator, one or more directable minors, and a projection lens. Light from the light engine is modulated by the spatial light modulator, reflected by the directable mirror(s) toward the projection lens, and projected by the projection lens (e.g. onto a screen). The directable mirror(s) may include a rotatable mirror or a digital micromirror device. The spatial light modulator may be a digital micromirror device. The spatial light modulator and the directable mirror(s) are synchronized so as to generate different modulated light patterns for different positions of the directable mirror(s). The projection of different modulated light patterns in different directions may generate different views that are visible from different user perspectives.