An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. In operation, the circuitry (i) sets a parameter to a value indicating that a multilayer is not allowed, the parameter indicating whether the multilayer is allowed, and (ii) sets first identifiers to an identical value indicating a layer, the first identifiers respectively identifying respective layers to which respective NAL units belong, and performs a single layer encoding process on the NAL units, the NAL units belonging to an encoded video sequence; and writes, into a bitstream, the NAL units, the parameter, and the first identifiers.

There are provided mechanisms performed by a decoder. The method comprises receiving a bitstream. The method comprises processing the received bitstream, wherein: the bitstream comprises a first part of the bitstream, and the first part of the bitstream provides segment presence information, and further wherein i) the segment presence information indicates that at least segments of a first segment type shall not be present in at least a portion of the bitstream, or ii) the segment presence information indicates that at least segments of the first segment type may be present in at least the portion of the bitstream.

A decoding apparatus includes: an obtainment unit in which a high frame rate, a medium frame rate, and a low frame rate have been determined in advance in descending order of frame rate, and which obtains low-frame-rate images that are moving images with the low frame rate, as well as weights; and a decoding unit that generates a third frame of medium-frame-rate images that are moving images with the medium frame rate by compositing a first frame and a second frame that are chronologically contiguous in the low-frame-rate images based on the weights. The low-frame-rate images and the weights are derived in advance so as to minimize a degree of deviation between a plurality of frames of moving images with the high frame rate in a preset period and a plurality of frames of the medium-frame-rate images in the period.

An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. Given id indicating a lower temporal sublayer other than a highest temporal sublayer in temporal sublayers, the circuitry calculates a DPB output time [id] for a picture in the lower temporal sublayer. In doing so, the circuitry of the encoder subtracts a DPB output delta [id] provided for each of the temporal sublayers from a DPB output delay shared between the temporal sublayers, and given maxid indicating the highest temporal sublayer, calculates the DPB output delta [id] by subtracting a CPB removal delay [maxid] and an offset [id] from a CPB removal delay [id]. Next, the circuitry stores the offset [id] in a bitstream.

An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. Given id indicating a lower temporal sublayer other than a highest temporal sublayer in temporal sublayers, the circuitry calculates a DPB output time [id] for a picture in the lower temporal sublayer. In doing so, the circuitry of the encoder subtracts a DPB output delta [id] provided for each of the temporal sublayers from a DPB output delay shared between the temporal sublayers, and given maxid indicating the highest temporal sublayer, calculates the DPB output delta [id] by subtracting a CPB removal delay [maxid] and an offset [id] from a CPB removal delay [id]. Next, the circuitry stores the offset [id] in a bitstream.

An excellent display can be performed even when the frame rate changes dynamically at the reception side. When a switching portion at which a sequence of video streams to be transmitted is switched from a first sequence to a second sequence having a different frame rate from the first sequence is provided, display control information is inserted into at least encoded image data of a picture corresponding to the switching portion or a packet containing the encoded image data. A reception side performs display control of pictures using the display control information and implements an excellent display.

An excellent display can be performed even when the frame rate changes dynamically at the reception side. When a switching portion at which a sequence of video streams to be transmitted is switched from a first sequence to a second sequence having a different frame rate from the first sequence is provided, display control information is inserted into at least encoded image data of a picture corresponding to the switching portion or a packet containing the encoded image data. A reception side performs display control of pictures using the display control information and implements an excellent display.

The present disclosure relates to image processing device and method that can suppress the deterioration in encoding efficiency. An image processing device includes: a reception unit that receives encoded data in which an image with a plurality of main layers is encoded, and inter-layer prediction control information controlling whether to perform inter-layer prediction, which is prediction between the plurality of main layers, with the use of a sublayer; and a decoding unit that decodes each main layer of the encoded data received by the reception unit by performing the inter-layer prediction on only the sublayer specified by the inter-layer prediction control information received by the reception unit. The present disclosure can be applied to, for example, an image processing device.

The present disclosure relates to image processing device and method that can suppress the deterioration in encoding efficiency. An image processing device includes: a reception unit that receives encoded data in which an image with a plurality of main layers is encoded, and inter-layer prediction control information controlling whether to perform inter-layer prediction, which is prediction between the plurality of main layers, with the use of a sublayer; and a decoding unit that decodes each main layer of the encoded data received by the reception unit by performing the inter-layer prediction on only the sublayer specified by the inter-layer prediction control information received by the reception unit. The present disclosure can be applied to, for example, an image processing device.

A temporal sequence of pictures is generated in a method for encoding of a first video stream. To do so, a synchronization signal can be used, which can be derived from a second video stream independently of the first video stream. Alternatively, the encoding of a second video stream independent of the first video stream can be based on the same principle as for the encoding of the first video stream.