A Scalable Video Coding (SVC) process is provided for scalable video coding that takes into account color gamut primaries along with spatial resolution. The process provides for re-sampling using video color data obtained from an encoder or decoder process of a base layer (BL) in a multi-layer system to enable improved encoding and decoding in an enhancement layer (EL) or higher layers taking into account color conversion between layers. Examples of applicable SVC include MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) and High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). With the SVC process, video data expressed in one color gamut space can be used for prediction in encoding with a possibly different color space, and accommodation for different spatial resolution and bit-depth can be made as well.

A more efficient way of addressing different bit-depths, or different bit-depths and chroma sampling format requirements is achieved by using a low bit-depth and/or low-chroma resolution representation for providing a respective base layer data stream representing this low bit-depth and/or low-chroma resolution representation as well as for providing a higher bit-depth and/or higher chroma resolution representation so that a respective prediction residual may be encoded in order to obtain a higher bit-depth and/or higher chroma resolution representation. By this measure, an encoder is enabled to store a base-quality representation of a picture or a video sequence, which can be decoded by any legacy decoder or video decoder, together with an enhancement signal for higher bit-depth and/or reduced chroma sub-sampling, which may be ignored by legacy decoders or video decoders.

A more efficient way of addressing different bit-depths, or different bit-depths and chroma sampling format requirements is achieved by using a low bit-depth and/or low-chroma resolution representation for providing a respective base layer data stream representing this low bit-depth and/or low-chroma resolution representation as well as for providing a higher bit-depth and/or higher chroma resolution representation so that a respective prediction residual may be encoded in order to obtain a higher bit-depth and/or higher chroma resolution representation. By this measure, an encoder is enabled to store a base-quality representation of a picture or a video sequence, which can be decoded by any legacy decoder or video decoder, together with an enhancement signal for higher bit-depth and/or reduced chroma sub-sampling, which may be ignored by legacy decoders or video decoders.

In a conventional art, an output layer set having no output layer is sometimes defined. Consequently, even if the decoder decodes a bit stream to obtain each layer in the output layer set without the output layer, there is no picture to be outputted. There is a possibility that such coded data causes the decoder expecting an output to operate unexpectedly. Output layer sets having the same configuration may be defined. Consequently, the amount of code pertaining to the output layer sets defined in an overlapping manner is redundant. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a specification of a bit stream conformance pertaining to the output layer set prevents occurrence of an output layer set without an output layer and a redundant output layer set.

In a conventional art, an output layer set having no output layer is sometimes defined. Consequently, even if the decoder decodes a bit stream to obtain each layer in the output layer set without the output layer, there is no picture to be outputted. There is a possibility that such coded data causes the decoder expecting an output to operate unexpectedly. Output layer sets having the same configuration may be defined. Consequently, the amount of code pertaining to the output layer sets defined in an overlapping manner is redundant. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a specification of a bit stream conformance pertaining to the output layer set prevents occurrence of an output layer set without an output layer and a redundant output layer set.

There is provided an image processing apparatus which includes a division unit dividing an image into a plurality of images in a bit depth direction, and an encoding unit encoding respectively some or all of the plurality of images acquired by dividing the image in the bit depth direction by the division unit.

There is provided an image processing apparatus which includes a division unit dividing an image into a plurality of images in a bit depth direction, and an encoding unit encoding respectively some or all of the plurality of images acquired by dividing the image in the bit depth direction by the division unit.

A method for enhancing at least a section of lower-quality visual data using a hierarchical algorithm, the method comprising receiving at least a plurality of neighbouring sections of lower-quality visual data. A plurality of input sections from the received plurality of neighbouring sections of lower quality visual data are selected and features are extracted from those plurality of input sections of lower-quality visual data. A target section based on the extracted features from the plurality of input sections of lower-quality visual data is then enhanced.

A method for enhancing at least a section of lower-quality visual data using a hierarchical algorithm, the method comprising receiving at least a plurality of neighbouring sections of lower-quality visual data. A plurality of input sections from the received plurality of neighbouring sections of lower quality visual data are selected and features are extracted from those plurality of input sections of lower-quality visual data. A target section based on the extracted features from the plurality of input sections of lower-quality visual data is then enhanced.

Innovations in scalable compression and decompression of point cloud data are described. For example, after an encoder uses a transform such as a region-adaptive hierarchical transform (“RAHT”) on attributes of occupied points in point cloud data, the encoder separates transform coefficients into partitions. The partitions can be associated with different regions of a point cloud frame (spatial location scalability), different spatial resolutions of point cloud data (spatial resolution scalability), different reconstruction quality levels (SNR scalability), different point cloud frames organized in temporal layers (temporal resolution scalability), or different combinations of the preceding types of partitions. For decoding, a decoder can select all of the partitions or a subset of the partitions. The decoder decodes encoded data for the selected partitions, applying an inverse transform such as an inverse RAHT to transform coefficients for attributes of occupied points in point cloud data.