A system and method for transmission of a video stream are provided. The system may include: an encoder adapted to generate a video stream comprising a plurality of encoded frames, encoded according to at least one encoding parameter; a comparator in communication with the encoder, the comparator adapted to compare encoded frames of the plurality of encoded frames with input frames to determine a fitness metric reflective of visual quality of the encoded frames; and a controller in communication with the comparator, the controller adapted to adjust the at least one encoding parameter based on the fitness metric.

A system and method for transmission of a video stream are provided. The system may include: an encoder adapted to generate a video stream comprising a plurality of encoded frames, encoded according to at least one encoding parameter; a comparator in communication with the encoder, the comparator adapted to compare encoded frames of the plurality of encoded frames with input frames to determine a fitness metric reflective of visual quality of the encoded frames; and a controller in communication with the comparator, the controller adapted to adjust the at least one encoding parameter based on the fitness metric.

A signaling of the layer ID is described which each of the packets of a multi-layered video signal is associated with. In particular, an efficient way of signaling this layer association is achieved, with nevertheless maintaining the backward compatibility with codecs according to which a certain value of the base layer-ID field is restricted to be non-extendable such as base layer-ID value 0 in the base layer-ID field. Instead of circumventing this restriction specifically with respect to this non-extendable base layer-ID value, the layer-ID of portions of the multi-layer data stream is signaled in an extendable manner by sub-dividing the base layer-ID field into a first sub-field and a second sub-field: whenever the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field fulfills a predetermined criterion, an extension layer-ID field is provided, and if the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field does not fulfill the predetermined criterion, the extension layer-ID field is omitted.

A signaling of the layer ID is described which each of the packets of a multi-layered video signal is associated with. In particular, an efficient way of signaling this layer association is achieved, with nevertheless maintaining the backward compatibility with codecs according to which a certain value of the base layer-ID field is restricted to be non-extendable such as base layer-ID value 0 in the base layer-ID field. Instead of circumventing this restriction specifically with respect to this non-extendable base layer-ID value, the layer-ID of portions of the multi-layer data stream is signaled in an extendable manner by sub-dividing the base layer-ID field into a first sub-field and a second sub-field: whenever the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field fulfills a predetermined criterion, an extension layer-ID field is provided, and if the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field does not fulfill the predetermined criterion, the extension layer-ID field is omitted.

Systems and methods are presented for reliable transmission of time-sensitive data. In particular, various embodiments provide for the generation of compressed sequential data, where individual instances of a sequence represent differentials from prior instances in that sequence. In order to reduce an amount of data that needs to be transmitted, instances of data (such as individual video frames) can be provided using a prior video frame as a reference, sending only data for those pixel locations where the pixel value differs from the reference frame. A reference frame can include a previously-received and successfully-decoded frame, in order to minimize the impact of dropped, incomplete, or corrupted frames. In order to further reduce data transmission requirements, a reference frame can be selected which is determined to be optimal for the current frame, such as may represent a least amount of data to be transmitted for a given frame.

A source quality of a source video and a source content complexity of the source video are identified. Parameter constraints with respect to parameters of an operation are received. The source video quality, source content complexity, and parameter constraints are applied to a deep neural network (DNN) producing DNN outputs. In an example, the DNN outputs are combined using domain knowledge to provide the filter parameters, as predicted, to a filter chain, such that applying the filter chain to the input source video results in an output video achieving the full reference video quality score. In another example, the DNN outputs are combined using domain knowledge to provide the filter parameters, as predicted, to a filter chain, such that applying the filter chain to the input source video results in an output video achieving the full reference video quality score.

A reference-order AL-FEC system for recovering network video data packet loss during real-time video communication includes a packetizer, a reference-order AL-FEC encoder, a reference-order AL-FEC decoder and a depacketizer. The packetizer constructs source symbols from source packets of a current frame. The encoder generates a repair symbol from the source symbols of the current frame and other reference frames based on the reference-order, not time-order, between the frames within an encoding window. The encoder also generates a repair packet based on the repair symbol. The decoder recovers a lost source symbol based on the source symbols of the frames of the encoding window and the repair symbol by decoding the repair packet. The decoding is achieved by solving a linear system of the repair symbol.

A reference-order AL-FEC system for recovering network video data packet loss during real-time video communication includes a packetizer, a reference-order AL-FEC encoder, a reference-order AL-FEC decoder and a depacketizer. The packetizer constructs source symbols from source packets of a current frame. The encoder generates a repair symbol from the source symbols of the current frame and other reference frames based on the reference-order, not time-order, between the frames within an encoding window. The encoder also generates a repair packet based on the repair symbol. The decoder recovers a lost source symbol based on the source symbols of the frames of the encoding window and the repair symbol by decoding the repair packet. The decoding is achieved by solving a linear system of the repair symbol.

The present disclosure provides a method for retransmitting at least one lost network packet based on a transport stream (TS) format and an user datagram protocol (UDP), including: receiving a plurality of media packets having the TS format by a terminal from a media server via the UDP, determining whether continuity counter (CC) fields of the media packets is continuous, transmitting a transmission request packet to a media retransmission server by the terminal via the UDP, wherein the media retransmission server is configured to analyze the retransmission request packet to obtain a least one lost media packet having the TS format, packaging the at least one lost media packet into a retransmission acknowledge packet by the media retransmission server, and transmitting the retransmission acknowledge packet from the media retransmission server to the terminal via the UDP.

The present disclosure provides a method for retransmitting at least one lost network packet based on a transport stream (TS) format and an user datagram protocol (UDP), including: receiving a plurality of media packets having the TS format by a terminal from a media server via the UDP, determining whether continuity counter (CC) fields of the media packets is continuous, transmitting a transmission request packet to a media retransmission server by the terminal via the UDP, wherein the media retransmission server is configured to analyze the retransmission request packet to obtain a least one lost media packet having the TS format, packaging the at least one lost media packet into a retransmission acknowledge packet by the media retransmission server, and transmitting the retransmission acknowledge packet from the media retransmission server to the terminal via the UDP.