A three-dimensional data encoding method includes encoding information of a current node included in an N-ary tree structure of three-dimensional points included in three-dimensional data, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. In the encoding, first information is encoded, the first information indicating a range for one or more referable neighboring nodes among neighboring nodes spatially neighboring the current node, and the current node is encoded with reference to a neighboring node within the range.

A three-dimensional data encoding method includes encoding information of a current node included in an N-ary tree structure of three-dimensional points included in three-dimensional data, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. In the encoding, first information is encoded, the first information indicating a range for one or more referable neighboring nodes among neighboring nodes spatially neighboring the current node, and the current node is encoded with reference to a neighboring node within the range.

A method and apparatus for encoding or decoding transform coefficients in a video coding system are disclosed. According to this method, a region after zero-outis determined. A remaining number of context-coded bins is determined for the current TB based on a size of the region after zero-out. The current TB is encoded or decoded using context-based coding with a constraint based on the remaining number of context-coded bins. According to another method, a remaining number of context-coded bins is determined for the current TB based on the last significant CG index.

Method and apparatus for encoding and decoding prediction residues in a video coding system also disclosed. At the decoder side, a Rice parameter for the target transform coefficient is determined based on a local sum of absolute levels of neighboring transform coefficients of the target transform coefficient. A dependent quantization state is determined and a zero-position variable is determined based on the dependent quantization state and the Rice parameter. One or more coded bits associated with a first syntax element for the target transform coefficient in a transform block are parsed and decoded using one or more codes including a Golomb-Rice code with the Rice parameter, where the first syntax element corresponds to a modified absolute level value of the target transform coefficient. An absolute level value of the target transform coefficient is derived according to the zero-position variable and the first syntax element.

The entropy coding of a current part of a predetermined entropy slice is based on, not only, the respective probability estimations of the predetermined entropy slice as adapted using the previously coded part of the predetermined entropy slice, but also probability estimations as used in the entropy coding of a spatially neighboring, in entropy slice order preceding entropy slice at a neighboring part thereof. Thereby, the probability estimations used in entropy coding are adapted to the actual symbol statistics more closely, thereby lowering the coding efficiency decrease normally caused by lower-delay concepts. Temporal interrelationships are exploited additionally or alternatively.

The entropy coding of a current part of a predetermined entropy slice is based on, not only, the respective probability estimations of the predetermined entropy slice as adapted using the previously coded part of the predetermined entropy slice, but also probability estimations as used in the entropy coding of a spatially neighboring, in entropy slice order preceding entropy slice at a neighboring part thereof. Thereby, the probability estimations used in entropy coding are adapted to the actual symbol statistics more closely, thereby lowering the coding efficiency decrease normally caused by lower-delay concepts. Temporal interrelationships are exploited additionally or alternatively.

Methods of encoding and decoding for video data are described in which multi-level significance maps are used in the encoding and decoding processes. The significant-coefficient flags that form the significance map are grouped into contiguous groups, and a significant-coefficient-group flag signifies for each group whether that group contains no non-zero significant-coefficient flags. A multi-level scan order may be used in which significant-coefficient flags are scanned group-by-group. The group scan order specifies the order in which the groups are processed, and the scan order specifies the order in which individual significant-coefficient flags within the group are processed. The bitstream may interleave the significant-coefficient-group flags and their corresponding significant-coefficient flags, if any.

Methods of encoding and decoding for video data are described in which multi-level significance maps are used in the encoding and decoding processes. The significant-coefficient flags that form the significance map are grouped into contiguous groups, and a significant-coefficient-group flag signifies for each group whether that group contains no non-zero significant-coefficient flags. A multi-level scan order may be used in which significant-coefficient flags are scanned group-by-group. The group scan order specifies the order in which the groups are processed, and the scan order specifies the order in which individual significant-coefficient flags within the group are processed. The bitstream may interleave the significant-coefficient-group flags and their corresponding significant-coefficient flags, if any.

A method or coding image information, according to the present invention, comprises the steps of: binarizing according to different techniques, index values of forward prediction, backward prediction, and bidirectional prediction, depending on whether the bidirectional prediction is applied when inter-predicting a current block; and entropy coding a binarized codeword, wherein whether to apply the bidirectional prediction when inter-predicting the current block can be determined on the basis of the size of the current block. As a result, provided are a method for binarizing an inter-prediction direction of a prediction unit having a specific size, and an apparatus using same.

System and methods related to video information distribution are provided. The system may obtain a video source address. The system may receive a video segment of a video stream from a remote server configured with the video source address. The system may parse the video segment for header information. The system may determine that a video corresponding to the video source address is playable on a remote device in response to the header information being included in the video segment. The system may store the video source address in a database. The database may include a plurality video addresses corresponding to respective videos that are playable on the remote device.