A Driver Monitoring System, DMS, configured to detect spoofing attempts, the system comprising: an NIR image sensor module; a light source; a controller configured to control the light source and the image sensor module, so to capture each consecutive image of the sequence in a different lighting condition; a processor having processor operable software, the software comprising: a motion analyzer, operable to analyze a motion in the sequence of images, and output a motion-based result; a first neural network, operable to extract at least one type of information from an at least two channel image created by stacking a set of at least two consecutive images from the image sequence, and output a spatial result; and a fusion program, operable to merge the motion-based and the spatial results, and to output a final result, the final result determining if the target is live or fake.

Methods and apparatus for specular surface mapping in which a camera detects reflections of a light source from a specular surface. The detected light sources may be projected onto a celestial sphere as virtual point sources. True positive observations should be tightly clustered on the celestial sphere; thus, false positives may be identified and removed. Specular surface information may then be determined from clusters of the virtual point sources on the celestial sphere. The clusters of virtual point sources on the celestial sphere may be identified and used to identify a surface as a specular surface. The clusters may also be used to extract other information regarding the specular surface, including but not limited to distance to and extent of the specular surface.

Methods and apparatus for specular surface mapping in which a camera detects reflections of a light source from a specular surface. The detected light sources may be projected onto a celestial sphere as virtual point sources. True positive observations should be tightly clustered on the celestial sphere; thus, false positives may be identified and removed. Specular surface information may then be determined from clusters of the virtual point sources on the celestial sphere. The clusters of virtual point sources on the celestial sphere may be identified and used to identify a surface as a specular surface. The clusters may also be used to extract other information regarding the specular surface, including but not limited to distance to and extent of the specular surface.

A display device and a mobile terminal including the display device are discussed. The display device can include a display panel including a first pixel area and a second pixel area, a cover glass disposed on a first surface of the display panel in the second pixel area, an optical module disposed under a second surface of the display panel to face the second pixel area and configured to direct infrared light towards a light transmitting part of the second pixel area, and a diffractive optical element disposed on or in at least one of the cover glass and the display panel at a position corresponding to the light transmitting part of the second pixel area. The diffractive optical element can separate the infrared light from the optical module into a plurality of dot beams.

A motor vehicle cabin sensing system is disclosed. The system comprises an image sensor, an illumination source and an illumination lens array. The image sensor is operable to capture one or more images, the image sensor having a field of view of a motor vehicle cabin. Preferably, the image sensor is operable to capture images in a near infrared wavelength. The illumination source is operable to transmit light rays towards the motor vehicle cabin. The illumination lens array is operable to diffuse the light rays emitting from the illumination source to one or more photoreceptor cells of a retina such that a radiant intensity of a red glow effect detected by the retina is a reduction of 10 to 100 times or 0% to 50% of a radiant intensity of the illumination source. A method is also disclosed.

A motor vehicle cabin sensing system is disclosed. The system comprises an image sensor, an illumination source and an illumination lens array. The image sensor is operable to capture one or more images, the image sensor having a field of view of a motor vehicle cabin. Preferably, the image sensor is operable to capture images in a near infrared wavelength. The illumination source is operable to transmit light rays towards the motor vehicle cabin. The illumination lens array is operable to diffuse the light rays emitting from the illumination source to one or more photoreceptor cells of a retina such that a radiant intensity of a red glow effect detected by the retina is a reduction of 10 to 100 times or 0% to 50% of a radiant intensity of the illumination source. A method is also disclosed.

Toner comprising toner particles, wherein the toner contains gold nanorods, and wherein in a case where an aspect ratio distribution of the gold nanorods contained in the toner is measured, an average value μ in the aspect ratio distribution is in a range of 6.0 to 13.0 and a standard deviation σ in the aspect ratio distribution is in a range of 0.5 to 4.5.

A method uses inpainting, whereby the ability to optimize the reconstruction of images at high resolution and sensitivity with minimal pixels is hard wired into the IRFPA. By combining several of these systems, or by selecting different pixels in the array to form images of different colors, hyperspectral images and 3-D tomograms can also be obtained with a significantly smaller number of pixels.

A psychological state display system includes a near-infrared light source that outputs outside light toward a plurality of persons, the output light including a first near-infrared radiation having a wavelength of greater than or equal to 780 nm and less than 2,500 nm; an imaging device that receives the first near-infrared radiation included in the output light outputted and captures an infrared image of the plurality of persons; a generation device that, using a trained machine learning model that receives an input of the infrared image captured and outputs a psychological state of at least one person among the plurality of persons indicated by the infrared image, generates psychological data indicating the psychological state; and a display device that displays a change over time in the psychological data generated.

A psychological state display system includes a near-infrared light source that outputs outside light toward a plurality of persons, the output light including a first near-infrared radiation having a wavelength of greater than or equal to 780 nm and less than 2,500 nm; an imaging device that receives the first near-infrared radiation included in the output light outputted and captures an infrared image of the plurality of persons; a generation device that, using a trained machine learning model that receives an input of the infrared image captured and outputs a psychological state of at least one person among the plurality of persons indicated by the infrared image, generates psychological data indicating the psychological state; and a display device that displays a change over time in the psychological data generated.