An image sensing device is provided to comprise: a pixel array of pixels that are operable to sense light to produce pixel signals and are operable to operate in one of a plurality of modes in sensing of light, wherein a first pixel of the pixel array is controlled to operate in a mode selected from the plurality of modes and configured to output a pixel signal in response to light incident onto the first pixel; and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) coupled to the pixel array to receive the pixel signal from the first pixel and configured to set, based on the mode selected for the first pixel in generating the pixel signal, an input range indicating a voltage range of the pixel signal and perform an analog to digital conversion of the pixel signal generated by the first pixel to produce pixel data representing the pixel signal based on the input range of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a frame, a window member supported by the frame, a display outputting visual information to the window member, a first camera having first resolution, disposed in the frame and photographing the front of the frame, second cameras having second resolution different from the first resolution, disposed on both sides of the frame, respectively, and photographing the front of the frame, and a processor operatively coupled to the first camera and the second cameras. The processor may obtain front image information and movement information of a body of a user by operating the second cameras at a preconfigured frame rate, may identify recognition information including a location and size of an interested object indicated by the body based on the movement information, may identify a photographing area including the interested object based on the recognition information, may obtain interested image information.

A spatial gradient-based fluorometer featuring a signal processor or processing module configured to: receive signaling containing information about light reflected off fluorophores in a liquid and sensed by a linear sensor array having a length and rows and columns of optical elements; and determine corresponding signaling containing information about a fluorophore concentration of the liquid a fluorophore concentration of the liquid that depends on a spatial gradient of the light reflected and sensed along the length of the linear sensor array, based upon the signaling received.

Disclosed herein is robust detection of facial expressions that accounts for interferences on the face. In one embodiment, a system includes a head-mounted device that comprises (i) light sources configured to emit light towards a first region on a user's face, and (ii) discrete photosensors, spread over more than 2 cm, which take measurements of reflections of the light from the first region. Additionally, the system includes a head-mounted camera that captures images of a second region on the face. A computer calculates, based on the images, an extent of presence of hair over a portion of the first region. Optionally, the computer calculates extents of other interferences such as perspiration, applied makeup, and skin infection. The computer then detects facial expressions of the user based on the measurements of the reflections and the calculated extent of the hair and/or other interferences.

A pixel matrix includes a sub-matrix of four adjacent pixels. Each of the pixels of the sub-matrix comprises: a set of a photoelectric-effect element and a memory point, a detection node, a transfer gate. The binning stage is connected to the set and is common with an adjacent pixel of the sub-matrix. At least one detection node per sub-matrix is common to two adjacent pixels of the sub-matrix. The pixel matrix furthermore comprises at least one readout stage per sub-matrix, connected to the common detection node.

Example embodiments relate to enhanced depth of focus cameras using variable apertures and pixel binning. An example embodiment includes a device. The device includes an image sensor. The image sensor includes an array of light-sensitive pixels and a readout circuit. The device also includes a variable aperture. Additionally, the device includes a controller that is configured to cause: the variable aperture to adjust to a first aperture size when a high-light condition is present, the variable aperture to adjust to a second aperture size when a low-light condition is present, the readout circuit to perform a first level of pixel binning when the high-light condition is present, and the readout circuit to perform a second level of pixel binning when the low-light condition is present. The second aperture size is larger than the first aperture size. The second level of pixel binning is greater than the first level of pixel binning.

The effect of ambient light on a measurement taken by an imaging pixel may be reduced by employing two optical filters. The two filters may have narrow passbands that are close to each other but do not overlap. The first filter may allow ambient and active light to pass. The second filter may allow ambient light to pass but may block active light. The ambient and active light that passes through the first filter may cause electrical charge to be generated in a photodiode of the pixel. The ambient light that passes through the second filter and strikes another pixel element may control the amperage of an electrical current that depletes charge from the photodiode. For instance, the other element may be a photoresistor, the light-dependent resistance of which controls the amperage, or may be a second photodiode that generates charge that controls a transistor that controls the amperage.

An image sensor includes a pixel group. The pixel group includes a first color filter, first to third photodiodes below the first color filter such that the first color filter overlaps each of the first to third third photodiodes in a vertical direction, wherein the first to third photodiodes are arranged in a first direction perpendicular to the vertical direction, first to third floating diffusions configured to accumulate electric charges generated by the first to third photodiodes, respectively, a source follower transistor configured to output a first pixel signal based on the electric charges accumulated in at least one of the first to third floating diffusions, and a first metal layer configured to receive the first pixel signal from the source follower transistor, wherein the first metal layer extends in a second direction intersecting the first direction, wherein the first to third floating diffusions are arranged in the first direction.

A camera module includes pixels each including first to fourth sub-pixels, a row driver connected to the pixels through row lines, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit connected to the pixels through column lines and converting signals of the column lines into digital values, and a logic circuit. Each of the first to fourth sub-pixels includes a first region and a second region. Each of the first and second regions includes a photo detector. In response to the row driver activating signals of half or less of the photo detectors included in one pixel among the pixels, the analog-to-digital conversion circuit generates a first signal. The logic circuit generates an auto focus signal based on the first signal.

An electronic device includes first and second image sensors, an image signal processor, and a main processor. The first and second image sensors photograph an object in first and second FOVs to generate first and second signals, respectively. The image signal processor generates first image data based on the first signal, generates second image data based on the second signal, and generates cropped image data based on cropping ROI from the second image data. The main processor generates a first video stream based on the first image data, generates a second video stream based on the cropped image data, and outputs the first video stream to a display device. The main processor stops outputting the first video stream to the display device and initiates outputting the second video stream to the display device in response to receiving a user input command.