A defective-pixel detection method included in an image-processing procedure, including a pixel-processing procedure applied to pixels of an image supplied by an image sensor. Each pixel is associated with a classification value representing a state of said pixel. The method includes, for each pixel: applying the pixel-processing procedure; analysing a result of the pixel-processing procedure; in the event of obtaining an unusual result representing a defect on a photosite of the image sensor that supplied said pixel, incrementing a number of detections of an unusual result for said pixel; and associating said pixel with a classification value representing a defective pixel when said number reaches a first threshold.

In one example, a document scanner has a fixed-position scan bar and a built-in translatable calibration target. The scan bar has a linear array of imaging elements aimed in an imaging direction. The calibration target is spaced apart from and parallel to the linear array, and has a planar surface orthogonal to the imaging direction spanning the length of the linear array. The target is translatable during a calibration in a direction in a plane of the surface.

In one example, at least a portion of a digital raw image frame captured by a digital image sensor is accessed. The accessed at least a portion of the digital raw image frame is de-noised without substantially modifying defective pixel values when present. In response to determining that at least one image frame pixel in the de-noised at least a portion of the digital raw image frame has a defective pixel value: the locations of each of the at least one image frame pixel having a defective pixel value are detected, and each defective pixel value in each detected location is corrected in the de-noised at least a portion of the digital raw image frame or the originally accessed at least a portion of the digital raw image frame.

Systems and methods for detecting defective camera arrays, optic arrays and/or sensors are described. One embodiment includes capturing image data using a camera array; dividing the captured images into a plurality of corresponding image regions; identifying the presence of localized defects in any of the cameras by evaluating the image regions in the captured images; and detecting a defective camera array using the image processing system when the number of localized defects in a specific set of image regions exceeds a predetermined threshold, where the specific set of image regions is formed by: a common corresponding image region from at least a subset of the captured images; and any additional image region in a given image that contains at least one pixel located within a predetermined maximum parallax shift distance along an epipolar line from a pixel within said common corresponding image region within the given image.

An image capturing apparatus comprises: an image sensor that includes a plurality of pixels, each including a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements; a readout unit that reads out a signal from a portion of the photoelectric conversion elements of each pixel as a first signal and reads out a sum of signals from the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements of each pixel as an image signal; a generation unit that generates a second signal for each pixel using the image signal and the first signal; and a calculation unit that calculates a moving amount of a focus lens for achieving an in-focus state based on a phase difference between the first signal and the second signal. The calculation unit performs the calculation without using a signal from a defective line.

An electronic device includes: a display; a first camera module having a first field of view (FoV) and generating first image data; a second camera module having a second FoV that is less than the first FoV and generating second image data; and an application processor configured to obtain zoom information including a zoom ratio and a region of interest (ROI) determined based on a user's input, to generate converted image data by scaling an image area corresponding to the ROI with respect to image data corresponding to the zoom ratio from among the first image data and the second image data, and to control the display to display the converted image data.

An apparatus includes a semiconductor layer including a conversion unit and a diffusion unit, and a plurality of wiring layers including a first wiring layer. The semiconductor layer includes a transfer transistor configured to send a signal based on a charge generated by the conversion unit to the diffusion unit, and an amplification transistor including a gate connected to the diffusion unit. The first wiring layer includes a control line configured to send a signal to drive the transfer transistor to a gate of the transfer transistor, a wire connecting the diffusion unit and the gate of the amplification transistor, and a first shield wire connected to a source or a drain of the amplification transistor and provided between the wire and the control line in a planar view.

An apparatus includes a semiconductor layer including a conversion unit and a diffusion unit, and a plurality of wiring layers including a first wiring layer. The semiconductor layer includes a transfer transistor configured to send a signal based on a charge generated by the conversion unit to the diffusion unit, and an amplification transistor including a gate connected to the diffusion unit. The first wiring layer includes a control line configured to send a signal to drive the transfer transistor to a gate of the transfer transistor, a wire connecting the diffusion unit and the gate of the amplification transistor, and a first shield wire connected to a source or a drain of the amplification transistor and provided between the wire and the control line in a planar view.

Techniques for controlling a stability of response of a semi-conductor matrix imager composed of pixels, including a first phase of characterizing the stability of the pixels and a second phase of correcting the signals arising from the pixels during the measurements. The pixels are classed into stable pixels and unstable pixels according to a predetermined criterion, the unstable pixels being associated individually with a stable pixel whose characteristics serve as base for correcting signals arising from the unstable pixels.

An image capturing apparatus comprises an image sensor in which a plurality of pixels are arranged two-dimensionally, and a control unit configured to control a band gap of the pixels of the image sensor, wherein the control unit, in a case where defective pixel detection processing is performed on the image sensor, controls the band gap so as to be smaller than in a case where normal image capture is performed.