Embodiments relate to image signal processors (ISP) that include binner circuits that down-sample an input image. An input image may include a plurality of pixels. The output image of the binner circuit may include a reduced number of pixels. The binner circuit may include a plurality of different operation modes. In a bin mode, the binner circuit may blend a subset of input pixel values to generate an output pixel quad. In a skip mode, the binner circuit may select one of the input pixel values as the output pixel pixel. The selection may be performed randomly to avoid aliasing. In a luminance mode, the binner circuit may take a weighted average of a subset of pixel values having different colors. In a color value mode, the binner circuit may select one of the colors in a subset of pixel values as an output pixel value.

In an aspect of the present disclosure, a photoelectric conversion apparatus comprising includes a scan unit and a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion unit and configured to output a digital signal corresponding to an electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit. The scan unit performs a scan to read the digital signal from the plurality of pixels and an operation of inputting a signal based on the digital signal output from the plurality of pixels to the plurality of pixels.

A method of operating an image sensing device includes applying control voltages to a pixel array in accordance with a test mode and performing an analog-to-digital conversion of a column line voltage to obtain one or more digital codes. The one or more digital codes are evaluated to detect an operating error associated with the column line and/or corresponding analog to digital converter. In response to an operating error, pixel values may be replaced or averaged with nearby pixel outputs not affected by the operating error.

Disclosed is an image sensing device including an image sensor suitable for generating image values corresponding to a captured image, and an image processor suitable for analyzing a texture of a target kernel of the captured image based on a first image value corresponding to a center of the target kernel and second image values corresponding to a periphery of the target kernel among it mage values of the target kernel.

To enable detection of occurrence of abnormality in a more preferable manner when the abnormality occurs in signal processing applied to pixel signals. A signal processing device including: a signal processing unit that performs signal processing on pixel signals; and a data generation unit that associates first test data based on first processing, second test data based on second processing, and valid data obtained by performing the second processing on the pixel signals corresponding to a second frame after a first frame to generate frame data corresponding to the second frame, in which, the first processing is the signal processing for generating the valid data in the first frame; the second processing is the signal processing for generating the valid data in the second frame; and presence or absence of abnormality in the signal processing is diagnosed on the basis of the first test data associated with the frame data corresponding to the first frame, and the first test data associated with the frame data corresponding to the second frame.

Embodiments relate to lateral chromatic aberration (LCA) recovery of raw image data generated by image sensors. A chromatic aberration recovery circuit performs chromatic aberration recovery on the raw image data to correct the resulting LCA in the full color images using pre-calculated offset values of a subset of colors of pixels.

Provided is an electronic device including a cell array unit in which cells are arranged in rows and columns, signal lines, each of the signal lines being arranged corresponding to one of the rows or columns and being connected to corresponding cells, a first electrode via which a signal according to a signal transmitted via at least one of the signal lines passes, a second electrode to which a selection signal is input to select a part of the signal lines; and a third electrode that is electrically connected to a node between cells that are connected to the part of the signal lines selected based on the selection signal and the first electrode. A voltage potential of the third electrode correlates with a voltage potential of the part of the signal lines selected based on the selection signal.

A polarization imaging section 20 includes polarized pixels in each of a plurality of polarization directions. The polarization imaging section 20 includes a polarizer. The polarization imaging section 20 outputs image signals of a polarized image to a defect detecting section 35 of an image processing section 30. In a case where a difference between a pixel value of a target polarized pixel generated by the polarization imaging section and a pixel value of the target polarized pixel estimated from polarization characteristics corresponding to pixel values of peripheral pixels in a polarization direction different from a polarization direction of the target polarized pixel is greater than a predetermined allowable range, the defect detecting section 35 determines that the target polarized pixel is a defective pixel. Therefore, it is possible to detect a defect of a pixel in the polarization imaging section that generates the polarized image.

A method for processing image data having noise and information, including: acquiring input raw image data having pixels of an image sensor used to take the image data, processing the input data, and outputting processed image-output data. The step of acquiring input data includes acquiring an input-noise model from the input data, and the step of processing the input raw image data includes a preprocessing operation and determining an output-noise model adapted to reflect noise in the output data, and producing output raw-image data consistent with the output-noise model, and the step of outputting the processed image data includes storing and/or transmitting the output raw image data and the output-noise model, which together form the output data, in a manner linking the output raw image data to the output-noise model, thereby allowing processing of the output data, as input data, such that the processing is adapted for pipeline processing.

A method for processing image data having noise and information, including: acquiring input raw image data having pixels of an image sensor used to take the image data, processing the input data, and outputting processed image-output data. The step of acquiring input data includes acquiring an input-noise model from the input data, and the step of processing the input raw image data includes a preprocessing operation and determining an output-noise model adapted to reflect noise in the output data, and producing output raw-image data consistent with the output-noise model, and the step of outputting the processed image data includes storing and/or transmitting the output raw image data and the output-noise model, which together form the output data, in a manner linking the output raw image data to the output-noise model, thereby allowing processing of the output data, as input data, such that the processing is adapted for pipeline processing.