A management electronic device includes a processing circuit configured to: obtain a spectrum in an N-th round of spectrum trading and acquire the interference received by the management electronic device when an electronic device uses the traded spectrum; receive the interference received by another electronic device as determined by another electronic device related to spectrum trading; determine competition rights parameters of the management electronic device and the other electronic device, respectively, the competition rights parameters representing the credibility of the electronic devices and the magnitude of competitiveness when competing for management rights in an N+1-th round of spectrum trading; and select a new management electronic device on the basis of at least one among the interference and the competition rights parameters, the new management electronic device having management rights in the N+1-th round of spectrum trading, instead of the management electronic device having management rights.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a configuration associated with artificial noise assisted physical layer security for at least one of an uplink channel or a sidelink channel. The UE may receive an indication of a power allocation parameter associated with a power allocation between a data signal and an artificial noise signal. The UE may transmit, via the uplink channel or the sidelink channel, at least one of the data signal or the artificial noise signal with the power allocation between the data signal and the artificial noise signal based at least in part on the power allocation parameter. Numerous other aspects are described.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a configuration associated with artificial noise assisted physical layer security for at least one of an uplink channel or a sidelink channel. The UE may receive an indication of a power allocation parameter associated with a power allocation between a data signal and an artificial noise signal. The UE may transmit, via the uplink channel or the sidelink channel, at least one of the data signal or the artificial noise signal with the power allocation between the data signal and the artificial noise signal based at least in part on the power allocation parameter. Numerous other aspects are described.

A network communications method utilizing a network watermark for providing security in the communications includes creating a verifiable network communications path of nodes through a network for the transfer of information from a first end node to a second end node; verifying the network communications path of nodes, by the first end node, before communicating by the first end node information intended for receipt by the second end node; and once the network communications path of nodes is verified by the first end node, communicating by the first end node, via the verified communications path of nodes, the information intended for receipt by the second end node; wherein the network watermark represents the verifiable network communications path of nodes.

A method (200) for operating a User Equipment (UE) is disclosed, the UE configured to connect to a communication network. The method comprises: indicating to the communication network an Integrity Protection for User Plane (IPUP) mode supported by the UE when requesting registration with the communication network (202). The IPUP mode comprises one of: use of Integrity Protection for User Plane data exchanged with the UE (202a), non-use of Integrity Protection for User Plane data exchanged with the UE (202b), or use of Integrity Protection for User Plane data, and non-use of Confidentiality Protection for User Plane data (202c). Also disclosed are an apparatus for operating a UE, methods and apparatus for operating a radio access node and a core node of a communication network, and a computer program operable to carry out methods for operating a UE, a radio access node and/or a core node of a communication network.

A method (200) for operating a User Equipment (UE) is disclosed, the UE configured to connect to a communication network. The method comprises: indicating to the communication network an Integrity Protection for User Plane (IPUP) mode supported by the UE when requesting registration with the communication network (202). The IPUP mode comprises one of: use of Integrity Protection for User Plane data exchanged with the UE (202a), non-use of Integrity Protection for User Plane data exchanged with the UE (202b), or use of Integrity Protection for User Plane data, and non-use of Confidentiality Protection for User Plane data (202c). Also disclosed are an apparatus for operating a UE, methods and apparatus for operating a radio access node and a core node of a communication network, and a computer program operable to carry out methods for operating a UE, a radio access node and/or a core node of a communication network.

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatuses for wireless communication. In some aspects, An example method includes receiving, from a second wireless communication device, a frame associated with one or more wireless sensing measurements, verifying an integrity of the received frame associated with a message integrity code (MIC) in the received frame, and obtaining one or more wireless sensing measurements associated with the received frame.

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatuses for wireless communication. In some aspects, An example method includes receiving, from a second wireless communication device, a frame associated with one or more wireless sensing measurements, verifying an integrity of the received frame associated with a message integrity code (MIC) in the received frame, and obtaining one or more wireless sensing measurements associated with the received frame.

In response to a UE in a wireless network leaving a multicast group to which the user equipment belonged or switching between multiple access nodes belonging to the multicast group, sending by an access node a rekeying token for UE(s) in the multicast group to use to access data for the multicast group. The access node generates key(s) based at least on the rekeying token. The access node multicasts traffic to the UE(s) in the multicast group using the key(s). In response to an other UE in a wireless network leaving a multicast group to which a UE belongs or switching by the UE between multiple access nodes belonging to the multicast group, receiving, at the UE from an access node, a rekeying token to use. The UE generates key(s) based at least on the rekeying token and receives multicast traffic using the key(s).

A method includes receiving, by a mobility management entity (MME), a redirection request message from an access and mobility management function (AMF) node, where the redirection request message includes key-related information. The method also includes generating, by the MME, an encryption key and an integrity protection key based on the key-related information. The redirection request message is used to request to hand over a voice service from a packet switched (PS) domain to a circuit switched (CS) domain.